Arboviral diseases

Arboviral diseases are a heterogeneous group of viral infections in which part of the replication cycle occurs inside insect vectors and human infection follows arthropod exposure, especially mosquito bites ^[2]. The provided sources frame the group as including major arboviruses such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus ^[1][2]. They are presented as infections with substantial global health relevance rather than a single uniform syndrome ^[1].

The available sources describe arboviral diseases broadly as causing a variety of pathologies and being associated with high morbidity and mortality, but they do not provide a single shared clinical syndrome applicable to all members of the group ^[1]. In the pediatric review, these infections are noted to pose a risk of severe forms in children, but the specific clinical determinants are not detailed in the snippet ^[2]. For dengue, neurological signs are increasingly reported, and described complications include central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and ophthalmic involvement ^[3]. The review of arboviral diseases also notes that complications may remain in a substantial portion of affected populations after outbreaks ^[1].

The sources characterize arboviral diseases as a worldwide challenge to health systems, with concern for wider dissemination of vectors across the globe in the setting of globalization and global warming ^[1]. The disease group is discussed in relation to endemic and epidemic regions, where co-circulation of different arboviruses contributes to public-health burden ^[2]. Dengue is highlighted as a particularly important example, reported as prevalent in 128 countries and with more than 2.5 billion people at risk each year ^[3]. The literature cited also points to geographic expansion of dengue and difficult-to-control outbreaks of yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, including a recent dengue outbreak in Latin America ^[1].

Arboviral diseases are classically transmitted to humans by the bite of hematophagous arthropods, especially mosquitoes ^[1][2]. The pediatric review adds that non-vector transmission is possible in specific situations, but does not enumerate those situations in the provided text ^[2]. The snippets do not supply further source-backed detail on persistence of transmission or on the relative importance of alternative routes ^[2].

Children are specifically identified as especially vulnerable to arboviral diseases, with the pediatric review noting greater susceptibility to severe forms ^[2]. The dengue review also indicates that neurological complications in children may present with atypical clinical features ^[3]. Beyond children, the provided sources do not specify additional high-risk groups in a way that supports broader generalization ^[1][2].

The principal prevention problem identified in the sources is vector control, which is described as difficult, particularly in large urban centers ^[2]. The pediatric review also notes the lack of effective and safe immunizations for the vast majority of arboviruses, although the main review states that existing or developing vaccines are part of the broader clinical management landscape ^[2][1]. Beyond these general points, the provided material does not give disease-wide, source-backed prevention measures or schedules ^[1][2].

In surveillance contexts, arboviral diseases should be read as a syndromically broad group with heterogeneous manifestations, substantial outbreak potential, and changing geographic distribution ^[1]. The sources support heightened attention to emerging or expanding transmission in regions where multiple arboviruses co-circulate, and to complications that may follow infection, especially in dengue ^[1][2][3]. Source-backed detail on formal case definitions, notification thresholds, or standardized monitoring indicators is not yet available in the provided snippets ^[1][2].

1. 1 Cenci Dietrich V et al. Pathogenesis and clinical management of arboviral diseases. World J Virol. 2025 Mar 25. PMID: 40134841. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.100489. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40134841/
2. 2 Martins MM et al. Arboviral diseases in pediatrics. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2020 Mar-Apr. PMID: 31605670. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.08.005. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31605670/
3. 3 Li GH et al. Neurological Manifestations of Dengue Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017. PMID: 29119088. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00449. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29119088/
4. 4 Emerging Arboviral Diseases. TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association. 1970. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/taj.v17i2.3448
5. 5 Arboviral Diseases. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 2015. doi: 10.2105/ccdm.2745.022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ccdm.2745.022
6. 6 Arboviral Diseases. Control of Communicable Diseases Clinical Practice. 2020. doi: 10.2105/ccdmc.3087.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/ccdmc.3087.012

ICD-10

ICD-11

Total cases

181

Peak month

2026-02

Coverage

1 reporting countries · 2012-09-14 → 2026-06-20