Enterovirus infection with severe complications

This entity refers to enterovirus infection characterized by severe complications, rather than uncomplicated infection ^[1]. The available source material centers on severe neonatal enterovirus infection and indicates that neonates are at high risk for serious clinical manifestations and high lethality ^[1]. The literature cited in the payload also includes works on severe enterovirus 71 infection and neurologic complications, but the accessible metadata does not add clinical detail beyond the article titles ^[2][3][4].

In the systematic review of 237 severe neonatal cases, all neonates developed severe complications ^[1]. Reported complication patterns included hepatitis or coagulopathy in 46.0% of cases, myocarditis in 37.1%, meningoencephalitis in 11.0%, and other complications such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and pulmonary hemorrhage in 5.9% ^[1]. The most common presenting features were temperature abnormalities, rash, poor feeding, and respiratory symptoms ^[1]. Lethality was 30.4% overall, and the highest lethality reported in a subgroup was 38.6% among neonates with myocarditis ^[1].

The evidence base provided here is predominantly a systematic review of severe neonatal enterovirus infection, not a population-wide burden estimate ^[1]. In that review, 66 articles comprising 237 cases were included, and 70.5% of neonates had symptom onset before 7 days of age ^[1]. Coxsackievirus B was identified in 52.3% of neonates, but the provided text does not establish wider geographic distribution, seasonal pattern, or outbreak ecology ^[1]. Other cited items in the payload are scholarly metadata for articles on severe enterovirus 71 infection and neurologic complications, but they do not provide additional epidemiologic findings in the accessible snippets ^[2][3][4][5].

The supplied sources do not describe transmission routes in detail. They indicate only that enterovirus is a common cause of infection in neonates and that severe neonatal disease occurs ^[1]. Source-backed detail on fecal-oral spread, respiratory spread, perinatal exposure, or environmental persistence is not yet available in the provided material ^[1].

Neonates are the clearly documented high-risk group in the available evidence, and the review explicitly states that they are at high risk of enterovirus infection with serious clinical manifestations and high lethality ^[1]. Within the neonatal severe-case literature, myocarditis was associated with the highest reported lethality ^[1]. Source-backed detail on other specific risk groups is not yet available in the provided material ^[1].

The provided material does not give specific preventive measures, vaccine guidance, or exposure-control recommendations. The review states that it was intended to support identification and treatment of severe neonatal enterovirus infection, but it does not present preventive interventions in the accessible text ^[1]. Source-backed detail on maternal, neonatal, or community prevention is not yet available ^[1].

For surveillance purposes, this entity should be read as a severe complication phenotype of enterovirus infection, with the available evidence concentrated in neonates ^[1]. The review suggests particular attention to early-onset illness, temperature abnormalities, rash, poor feeding, respiratory symptoms, and complications involving the liver/coagulation system, heart, or central nervous system ^[1]. Because the current source set is narrow and largely neonatal, broader monitoring conclusions should be treated cautiously until additional source-backed detail is available ^[1].

1. 1 Zhang M et al. Clinical characteristics of severe neonatal enterovirus infection: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr. 2021 Mar 15. PMID: 33722228. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02599-y. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33722228/
2. 2 Severe enterovirus 71 infection. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2007. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.121525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2007.121525
3. 3 Neurologic Complications of Enterovirus 71 Infection. Pediatric Neurology Briefs. 1999. doi: 10.15844/pedneurbriefs-13-10-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-13-10-8
4. 4 Enterovirus 71 infection and neurological complications. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 2016. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.10.395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.10.395
5. 5 Wikidata contributors. Severe Enterovirus Infections in Hospitalized Children in the South of England: Clinical Phenotypes and Causative Genotypes [Internet]. Wikidata. cited 20 May 2026. Available from: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37175772
6. 6 868 Severe neonatal enterovirus infection: a case study of complications and management. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 2025. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9629(25)00873-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9629(25)00873-0

ICD-10

B34.1

ICD-11

1F01

Total cases

1K

Peak month

2008-06

Coverage

1 reporting countries · 2003-01-01 → 2026-03-01