Non-polio enteroviruses are common viruses capable of producing either mild illness or, less frequently, serious complications [1]. They constitute a broad group of enteric viral pathogens routinely encountered in human populations and are characterized by their capacity to cause both asymptomatic infection and clinically apparent disease [1].
Disease overview
Enterovirus infection with severe complications
肠病毒感染并发重症
Evidence-backed informationEN 5/7 applicable sections · ZH 5/7 applicable sectionsUpdated Sep 3, 2026
Non-polio enteroviruses are common viruses that typically cause only mild illness but can occasionally lead to serious complications requiring hospitalization [1]. A diverse mix of types circulates each year in the United States, with EV-D68, EV-A71, and coxsackievirus A6 among the better-known examples [1]. Infections peak in summer and fall, and although most cases are asymptomatic or self-limited, infants, children, and immunocompromised individuals face a higher risk of severe outcomes [1]. Because infected individuals can shed virus for weeks even without symptoms, transmission is difficult to interrupt in households and group settings [1]. No vaccine is available, so prevention rests on handwashing, surface disinfection, and avoiding close contact with infected persons [1].
Read the full clinical and epidemiological profile6
Common manifestations include fever, respiratory symptoms, rash, mouth blisters, and muscle aches, while many infections produce no symptoms at all [1]. Severe complications can include viral meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, and severe neonatal sepsis [1].
CDC estimates 10 to 15 million non-polio enterovirus infections and tens of thousands of hospitalizations annually in the United States, with infections most common during summer and fall [1]. The circulating mix of enterovirus types varies from year to year, and different types predominate in different years [1].
The virus spreads through respiratory or oral secretions, blister fluid, and stool, and can be transmitted via close contact, contaminated surfaces, diaper changing, or contaminated drinking water [1]. Shedding can continue for extended periods even in asymptomatic infected individuals, making interruption of spread challenging [1].
There is no vaccine to protect against non-polio enterovirus infection [1]. Recommended measures include washing hands with soap and water, cleaning and disinfecting shared surfaces, and avoiding close contact with infected persons [1].
- 1US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About Non-Polio Enteroviruses | Non-Polio Enterovirus | CDC [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/index.html
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Coverage
Reporting countries and regions
Trends by reporting country
Monthly patterns over time
Data access
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Official sourcesAuthority, cadence, notes1
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.