Other parasitologically confirmed malaria

This ICD-coded category denotes malaria cases that have been verified parasitologically, aligning with a shift away from presumptive treatment toward confirmation-based case recognition ^[1]. The available sources describe confirmation by blood smear microscopy and by antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests, and they frame confirmed malaria as a clinically important parasitic infection ^[1][2]. Because the payload contains only limited study metadata rather than a formal case definition, finer etiologic or subclassification detail is not yet available ^[1][2].

The retrieved evidence does not provide a full syndrome description for this category, but it indicates that malaria case finding in the cited studies involved patients with fever and/or a history of travel to malaria-endemic regions ^[2]. One school-based study in Benin followed children with and without fever and defined malaria attacks by persistent or recurrent fever together with a positive malaria test ^[1]. The same study reported that fever had disappeared by day 3 in 94% of children in the febrile index group, while another source characterizes malaria as a parasitic infection associated with morbidity and mortality ^[1][2]. Source-backed detail on complications, severity stratification, or prognostic pattern is not yet available ^[1][2].

The available sources show that confirmed malaria is being documented in both endemic and imported settings, including a school-based study in Allada, Benin, and an imported-malaria investigation in Egypt ^[1][2]. In the Egypt study, positive cases were linked to travel, with most positives having traveled to Sudan and the remainder to Yemen, suggesting an importation pattern tied to travel from endemic areas ^[2]. The same source reports microscopy-confirmed malaria in 4 of 732 sampled patients and antigen positivity in 7 cases, but these figures reflect a specific study population rather than population-wide burden ^[2]. Source-backed detail on broader regional distribution or trend data is not yet available ^[1][2].

The snippets do not describe transmission in mechanistic detail. They do indicate that confirmed cases were associated with travel to malaria-endemic regions and that surveillance involved parasitological evidence from blood samples, blood films, and antigen detection ^[2]. In the Benin study, case recognition depended on positive malaria testing during follow-up rather than on a described route of exposure, so source-backed transmission specifics are not yet available ^[1].

The source material specifically mentions children aged five to 15 years in the Benin school-based study and patients with fever and/or recent travel to malaria-endemic regions in the Egypt study ^[1][2]. These are the only clearly identified groups in the retrieved snippets, so they should be treated as evidence-based contexts rather than exhaustive risk categories ^[1][2]. Source-backed detail on other high-risk groups is not yet available.

The source material supports prevention and control mainly through confirmation-based case management and targeted testing rather than presumptive treatment ^[1]. One study explicitly describes a policy shift toward restricting anti-malarial prescriptions to parasitologically confirmed cases, and another supports the use of rapid diagnostic tests and blood-film microscopy to detect imported malaria among febrile travelers ^[1][2]. Specific community prevention measures, prophylaxis, or vector-control recommendations are not provided in the snippets and are therefore not stated here ^[1][2].

For surveillance purposes, this category should be read as laboratory-confirmed malaria rather than clinically presumed malaria, with confirmation in the available sources based on smear microscopy and/or rapid antigen detection ^[1][2]. The evidence base here also shows that confirmed cases may appear in imported settings, so travel history can be relevant to interpretation of detected cases ^[2]. Because the payload does not include a formal reporting definition or testing algorithm, source-backed detail on case classification thresholds is not yet available ^[1][2].

1. 1 Can treatment of malaria be restricted to parasitologically confirmed malaria? A school-based study in Benin in children with and without fever. Malaria Journal. 2010. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-104
2. 2 Imported Malaria confirmed by immuno-assay. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 2020. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa060.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa060.003
3. 3 Confirmed malaria cases and estimated mortality rates, 2016. Scholarly DOI record. None. doi: 10.1787/888933867474. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/888933867474
4. 4 Case report: the first parasitologically confirmed autochthonous case of acute chagas disease in Suriname. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2003. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90108-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90108-8

ICD-10

B53

ICD-11

1F40

Total cases

0

Peak month

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Coverage

0 reporting countries · —