Salmonellosis is a symptomatic bacterial infection caused by members of the genus Salmonella, gram-negative, motile, nonsporulating, facultatively anaerobic bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae first identified in 1884 [3]. The genus includes Salmonella enterica—with numerous subspecies and more than 2,500 characterized serovars—and Salmonella bongori, and subgroups and serovars can differ substantially in pathogenic potential [2][4]. Clinically distinct presentations include nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis (a self-limiting diarrheal illness) and enteric (typhoid or paratyphoid) fever caused by the human-restricted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi [3][4].
Disease overview
BacterialSalmonellosis
沙门氏菌病
Evidence-backed informationEN 5/7 applicable sections · ZH 5/7 applicable sectionsUpdated Sep 3, 2026
Salmonellosis is one of the most common bacterial foodborne diseases worldwide, typically presenting as self-limiting gastroenteritis after consumption of contaminated animal-derived foods, especially poultry and pork products [1][2]. The infection is caused by Salmonella, a highly diverse genus encompassing more than 2,500–2,600 serovars, with nontyphoidal serovars causing diarrhea and typhoidal serovars causing enteric fever [2][3]. Although usually resolving within a week, severe cases may progress to bloodstream infection and sepsis, and antimicrobial resistance—including multidrug-resistant strains—complicates clinical management [1][2]. Prevention requires a One Health approach spanning farm biosecurity, food-chain controls, and consumer food hygiene [1][2][3].
Read the full clinical and epidemiological profile6
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis typically produces diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting beginning 12–36 hours after exposure and lasting two to seven days, with occasional progression to dehydration; severe cases may involve bloodstream invasion and sepsis, although sepsis is uncommon [1][4]. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and the very young, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop serious disease [1][4]. Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi is a potentially life-threatening acute febrile systemic infection diagnosed by isolating the pathogen in culture, and treatment options have narrowed with the emergence of extensively drug-resistant S. Typhi.
Salmonella is a leading global cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, with the greatest human disease burden attributed to consumption of animal-derived products, particularly poultry, pork, beef, and fish, as well as some non-animal foods such as fruits and vegetables [1][2]. In the United States, CDC estimates place annual salmonellosis at approximately 1.35 million illnesses, 26,500 hospitalizations, and 420 deaths, with about 142,000 egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis infections each year; Salmonella-related mortality from 1990 to 2006 was highest among older adults and immunocompromised persons [4]. Reported European examples include a 2012 Salmonella Thompson outbreak traced to smoked salmon that caused over 1,060 infections and four deaths, predominantly in the Netherlands, and a multi-country S. Stanley outbreak in the same year [4]. The continued emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains is an increasing public-health concern [1][2].
Salmonella is transmitted along the farm-to-fork continuum, most commonly through consumption of contaminated foods of animal origin—especially poultry, eggs, pork, beef, and fish—as well as contaminated water and, less frequently, non-animal foods such as fruits and vegetables [1][2][3]. Direct contact with infected persons or animals is an additional route of spread [3]. Person-to-person and foodborne outbreaks have been linked to specific products, such as smoked salmon implicated in a Northern European S. Thompson outbreak in 2012 [4].
Salmonellosis control relies on two complementary strategies: reducing Salmonella prevalence in animals through herd-health, biosecurity, and food-chain measures, and protecting humans from exposure along the farm-to-fork continuum [1]. A One Health framework spanning farm, manufacturing, distribution, retail, and consumer levels is recommended, with emphasis on proper food handling, prevention of cross-contamination, thorough cooking, and safe water [1][2]. For enteric fever specifically, vaccination of at-risk persons, improved sanitation, promotion of food hygiene, and detection and management of chronic carriers are essential preventive measures [3].
- 1Galán-Relaño Á et al. Salmonella and Salmonellosis: An Update on Public Health Implications and Control Strategies. Animals (Basel). 2023 Nov 27. PMID: 38067017. doi: 10.3390/ani13233666.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38067017/
- 2Lamichhane B et al. Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Jan 13. PMID: 38247636. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010076.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38247636/
- 3Qamar FN et al. Salmonellosis Including Enteric Fever. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Feb. PMID: 34794677. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.09.007.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34794677/
- 4Wikipedia contributors. Salmonellosis - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosis
- 5Shih HP et al. Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct. PMID: 34175547. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.007.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34175547/
Coverage
Reporting countries and regions
AustraliaAU
AustriaAT
BelgiumBE
BulgariaBG
CanadaCA
CroatiaHR
CyprusCY
CzechiaCZ
DenmarkDK
EstoniaEE
FinlandFI
FranceFR
GermanyDE
GreeceGR
HungaryHU
IcelandIS
IrelandIE
ItalyIT
LatviaLV
LiechtensteinLI
LithuaniaLT
LuxembourgLU
MaltaMT
NetherlandsNL
New ZealandNZ
NorwayNO
PolandPL
PortugalPT
RomaniaRO
SingaporeSG
SlovakiaSK
SloveniaSI
SpainES
SwedenSE
SwitzerlandCH
United KingdomGB
United StatesUS
Trends by reporting country
Monthly patterns over time
Research Radar
Recent related research
Salmonellosis in Poultry: Study of Its Spread and The Effectiveness of Antibiotics Against It
Global Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Methods of Combating Salmonellosis in Calves in Azerbaijan
Bulletin of Science and Practice
SALMONELLOSIS OF WATERFOWL
Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology
Salmonellosis Outbreak in a Rottweiler Kennel Associated with Raw Meat-Based Diets
Animals
Rethinking the fight against pig-related human salmonellosis in the European union.
Porcine health management
Showing 5 of 12 related publications.
Literature links are provided for discovery and do not alter or validate the surveillance series above.
Data access
Page dataset index with source links and update metadata.
Official sourcesAuthority, cadence, notes51
Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases
Austria
AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline
Bulgaria
Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline
Denmark
Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline
France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
Iceland Directorate of Health Annual Dashboard
Iceland
National annual case notifications by disease. Published values can be revised retrospectively and remain annual period totals.
Iceland Directorate of Health STI Dashboard
Iceland
Monthly STI diagnosis facts from laboratory and registry surveillance; the official dashboard is published on a quarterly schedule.
Iceland Directorate of Health Respiratory Dashboard
Iceland
ISO-week respiratory diagnosis counts. Hospitalizations, samples, and vaccination indicators are separate measures and are not counted as diagnoses.
Iceland Directorate of Health Historical Registry
Iceland
Historical official registry tables for 1997–2021, with annual totals and disease-specific monthly notification facts retained at source grain.
Iceland Directorate of Health Legacy ICD Monthly
Iceland
Historical Saga EHR ICD encounter counts for 1997–2020. This clinical measure is non-comparable with registry notifications and is kept separate.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline
Netherlands
Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses