Sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis is a mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi in the genus Sporothrix, with one source identifying Sporothrix schenckii as the cause and another specifically describing feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis ^[1][2]. The disease concept in the supplied metadata is framed as a Sporothrix infection surveillance concept and is catalogued under fungal disease with ICD-10 code B42 [disease metadata]. The available sources emphasize both human and animal infection, including zoonotic transmission ^[1][2].

In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels ^[1]. The supplied sources do not provide a fuller symptom chronology, timing, or complication profile for human disease, so those details are not yet source-backed here ^[1]. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement ^[1]. One source also notes that its clinical-epidemiological aspects are relevant to management of feline sporotrichosis, but additional clinical detail is not provided in the snippets ^[2].

The disease is reported as distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones ^[1]. The sources also note that certain leisure and occupational activities, including floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis ^[1]. A major epidemiologic event described in the supplied material is the epidemic associated with cat transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which has produced more than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases ^[1]. The guideline source further reflects national-level concern in Brazil for feline sporotrichosis control and prevention ^[2].

Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus ^[1]. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or small outbreaks, and cat-associated spread is specifically highlighted in the Brazilian epidemic ^[1]. The provided sources do not give additional route detail beyond environmental inoculation and animal-associated transmission ^[1][2].

Source-backed higher-exposure groups include people involved in floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, as these activities are traditionally associated with the mycosis ^[1]. Individuals exposed to contaminated soil, plants, or organic matter are also implicated by the described traumatic inoculation pathway ^[1]. Cats are an important affected animal reservoir in the reported epidemic context, and zoonotic exposure to infected cats is therefore a key risk context ^[1][2].

The supplied guideline source states that it includes information helpful for the prevention and control of Sporothrix brasiliensis transmission, indicating that transmission interruption is a recognized public-health objective ^[2]. However, the snippets do not specify concrete preventive measures, exposure-control steps, or programmatic interventions, so source-backed detail is not yet available here ^[2]. Given the environmental and zoonotic transmission described in the literature, prevention should be interpreted in surveillance terms as focused on controlling exposure and transmission rather than as a treatment-oriented issue ^[1][2].

For surveillance purposes, sporotrichosis should be read as both an environmental fungal infection and a zoonotic disease, with particular attention to cat-associated transmission events and clusters ^[1][2]. The available material suggests that human and animal case counts may both be relevant to burden assessment, especially in settings such as Rio de Janeiro where an epidemic has been documented ^[1]. The sources also indicate that feline sporotrichosis guidance was developed at national level in Brazil, underscoring the importance of coordinated human-animal monitoring ^[2].

1. 1 Barros MB et al. Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011 Oct. PMID: 21976602. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00007-11. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21976602/
2. 2 Gremião IDF et al. Guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and literature revision. Braz J Microbiol. 2021 Mar. PMID: 32990922. doi: 10.1007/s42770-020-00365-3. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32990922/
3. 3 Clebak KT et al. Skin Infections. Prim Care. 2018 Sep. PMID: 30115333. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2018.05.004. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30115333/
4. 4 Sporotrichosis. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. 1988. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3898-0_72
5. 5 Sporotrichosis. Southern Medical Journal. 1910. doi: 10.1097/00007611-191009000-00033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-191009000-00033
6. 6 Sporotrichosis. A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology. 1955. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1955.03730360029003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1955.03730360029003

ICD-10

B42

ICD-11

Total cases

25K

Peak month

2020-01

Coverage

1 reporting countries · 2013-05-01 → 2022-12-01