HIV infection in pregnancy surveillance event

HIV infection in pregnancy refers to HIV/AIDS infection in a woman while she is pregnant; in this profile, the surveillance scope also includes notification during childbirth or the puerperium.^[1]

HIV infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system remain an important cause of morbidity, while neurological presentations may also reflect comorbid conditions, treatment-related effects, or inflammatory syndromes.^[2]

HIV infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with increased survival and a declining incidence of opportunistic infections, although central nervous system opportunistic infections remain an important cause of morbidity.^[2]

Maternal-to-child HIV transmission may occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.^[1] HIV may also be transmitted through contact with blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, or vaginal fluids.^[3]

The relevant surveillance population is women with HIV infection during pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium, together with infants exposed to maternal HIV infection in utero.^[1]

1. 1 Wikipedia contributors. HIV and pregnancy [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 11 Aug 2026. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_and_pregnancy
2. 2 Siripurapu R et al. Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Opportunistic Infections and Beyond. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2023 Feb. PMID: 36404041. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.014. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36404041/
3. 3 Wikipedia contributors. HIV - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 11 Aug 2026. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV