West Nile Virus in a changing climate: epidemiology, pathology, advances in diagnosis and treatment, vaccine designing and control strategies, emerging public health challenges – a comprehensive review
Emerging Microbes & Infections·
- DOI
- 10.1080/22221751.2024.2437244
- PMID
- 39614679
- PMCID
- PMC11703391
- OpenAlex
- W4404884270
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
WNV remains a significant global health threat with expanding geographic range driven by climate and environmental factors. The review identifies the need for adaptive vector control strategies, ongoing vaccine and therapeutic development, and enhanced public health infrastructure integrating research, policy, and community engagement.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
This review examines recent developments in West Nile Virus management, including epidemiological trends, molecular advances, and public health challenges in the context of climate change and geographic expansion.
Study design
Comprehensive review synthesizing current literature on WNV epidemiology, molecular biology, diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccine development, and vector control strategies.
Population and setting
Global scope with emphasis on temperate regions of Europe and North America experiencing WNV geographic expansion.
Main findings
Climate changes including milder winters and longer warm seasons are increasing mosquito activity and enabling WNV to overwinter in mosquito populations, facilitating year-round transmission. Genomic and proteomic advances have identified new therapeutic targets and improved diagnostics. No approved human vaccine exists, leaving management dependent on supportive care for severe neurological cases.
Public-health relevance
WNV remains a significant global health threat with expanding geographic range driven by climate and environmental factors. The review identifies the need for adaptive vector control strategies, ongoing vaccine and therapeutic development, and enhanced public health infrastructure integrating research, policy, and community engagement.
Important limitations
This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata. Comprehensive evaluation of the review's scope, methodology, source selection criteria, and detailed findings requires access to the full text.
GIDS interpretation
This article was classified under West Nile virus disease, climate and environment, treatment, and vaccination topics. As a comprehensive review, it provides context for understanding WNV epidemiology and control challenges but does not report primary surveillance data or outbreak investigations.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.