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Peer reviewedOpen accessLeishmaniasis

Infection Parameters in the Sand Fly Vector That Predict Transmission of Leishmania major

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·

Lisa W. Stamper, Rachel L. Patrick, Michael P. Fay, Phillip G. Lawyer, Dia-Eldin A. Elnaiem, Nagila Secundino, Alain Debrabant, David L. Sacks, Nathan C. Peters

DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001288
PMID
21886852
PMCID
PMC3160291
OpenAlex
Study type
Meta-analysis
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The findings provide experimental context for factors associated with Leishmania transmission by sand fly vectors and for how infection conditions may relate to disease severity after transmission.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

The study examined which measured features of Leishmania major infection in infected sand flies were associated with subsequent transmission to a mammalian host.

Study design

A meta-analysis of multiple transmission experiments compared infection intensity and parasite developmental state with transmission frequency. The experiments also varied parasite inoculum, sand fly oviposition status, and environmental conditions.

Population and setting

The evidence concerns Leishmania major infections in sand fly vectors and transmission by bite to a mammalian host. The abstract describes transmission experiments and discusses implications for laboratory and natural transmission contexts.

Main findings

The proportion of parasites developing into metacyclic promastigotes in the sand fly midgut showed the strongest association with transmission frequency. Analysis across experiments produced a percentage-based threshold associated with transmission competence. Parasite dose, oviposition status, and environmental conditions were also reported to affect transmission frequency, while altered parasite dose was associated with differences in disease severity.

Public-health relevance

The findings provide experimental context for factors associated with Leishmania transmission by sand fly vectors and for how infection conditions may relate to disease severity after transmission.

Important limitations

The supplied evidence does not state additional study limitations. This summary is limited to the single supplied article's abstract and metadata; the original paper is required for decision-grade assessment of methods, uncertainty, applicability, and the reported threshold.

GIDS interpretation

The article is discoverable under leishmaniasis, transmission dynamics, and climate and environment. These classifications provide topic context only and do not establish or confirm a current surveillance signal.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 5 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

about diseaseaddresses topicaddresses topicstudied population settinguses study design