Leptospirosis in Campinas, Brazil: The interplay between drainage, impermeable areas, and social vulnerability
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases·
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013560
- PMID
- 41021620
- PMCID
- PMC12571306
- OpenAlex
- W4414606073
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Publication version
This article has a linked preprint
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Open linked preprint →Why this research matters now
The authors suggest the results support targeted prevention and control strategies in densely populated urban areas of the Global South and that combining contextual environmental data with spatial analysis can inform public health policy, spatial planning, and future epidemiological models.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The study investigated whether leptospirosis case distribution in Campinas, Brazil is associated with drainage proximity, soil impermeability, and social vulnerability, with a specific comparison between floodwater/mud-related exposures and other exposures.
Study design
Retrospective observational study using spatial statistical analysis to map autochthonous leptospirosis cases and examine relationships with contextual environmental and socioeconomic factors.
Population and setting
86 autochthonous leptospirosis cases from Campinas city, São Paulo, Brazil, comprising 54 floodwater/mud-associated cases and 32 cases linked to other exposures.
Main findings
Case density increased near drainage systems, peaking at 200 meters. Risk was elevated in socially vulnerable areas, especially where floodwater or mud exposure occurred, and in highly impermeable surfaces. Findings indicate that living and working conditions remain strong determinants of leptospirosis risk.
Public-health relevance
The authors suggest the results support targeted prevention and control strategies in densely populated urban areas of the Global South and that combining contextual environmental data with spatial analysis can inform public health policy, spatial planning, and future epidemiological models.
Important limitations
The supplied abstract does not state explicit study limitations; this summary is limited to the supplied single-article abstract and metadata and would require the original paper for decision-grade interpretation.
GIDS interpretation
Within a GIDS-style discovery lens, this peer-reviewed spatial epidemiology article offers contextual evidence linking environmental and social vulnerability factors to leptospirosis distribution in a Brazilian urban setting, useful for situational awareness and topic mapping; it does not by itself confirm any active surveillance signal.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 11 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.