Norovirus Transmission on Cruise Ship
Emerging Infectious Diseases·
- DOI
- 10.3201/eid1101.040434
- PMID
- 15705344
- PMCID
- PMC3294347
- OpenAlex
- W2148513404
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
The findings demonstrate challenges in controlling norovirus in closed travel settings and the potential for cruise-associated outbreaks to seed transmission in shoreside communities.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The investigation examined norovirus transmission dynamics and persistence during consecutive cruise ship outbreaks.
Study design
Outbreak investigation documenting transmission patterns across multiple consecutive cruises following a sanitization intervention.
Population and setting
Passengers aboard cruise ship X over at least six consecutive voyages.
Main findings
The investigation identified foodborne and person-to-person transmission routes. Virus persisted onboard following a one-week sanitization period, with introduction of new strains documented. An associated land-based outbreak was seeded from the ship.
Public-health relevance
The findings demonstrate challenges in controlling norovirus in closed travel settings and the potential for cruise-associated outbreaks to seed transmission in shoreside communities.
Important limitations
This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and bibliographic metadata. The original paper is required for decision-grade interpretation of methods, sample sizes, strain characterization approaches, and sanitization protocols.
GIDS interpretation
This article would be discoverable through queries on cruise ship outbreaks, norovirus environmental persistence, or travel-associated gastroenteritis. The classifier links to outbreak investigation and transmission dynamics support retrieval in surveillance contexts examining waterborne or foodborne disease patterns in congregate travel settings.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 8 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.