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Acute encephalitis excluding Japanese and West Nile encephalitis

急性脑炎（不含日本脑炎和西尼罗河脑炎）

Evidence-backed informationEN 1/6 applicable sections · ZH 1/6 applicable sectionsUpdated Sep 3, 2026

Acute encephalitis excluding Japanese and West Nile encephalitis is a surveillance syndrome category used in Japan's national infectious disease surveillance system to capture acute encephalitis cases while explicitly excluding Japanese encephalitis and West Nile encephalitis from that classification. Encephalitis, defined as inflammation of the brain, is most commonly caused by viral infections, with herpes simplex virus being a frequent etiology in many settings. The syndrome encompasses various etiologies including viral and autoimmune causes, though the specific causes vary by region and population. Rabies virus infection represents one example of a viral cause of acute encephalitis within this broader category [1][2].

Read the full clinical and epidemiological profile2
Surveillance entity definition

Acute encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, most commonly caused by viral infection, with herpes simplex virus being a frequent cause in many regions [2]. This surveillance syndrome category explicitly excludes Japanese encephalitis and West Nile encephalitis, which are separately classified due to their distinct epidemiological profiles and vector-borne transmission. The category is used to capture the remaining acute encephalitis cases for surveillance purposes [2].

References
  1. 1Liu C et al. Epidemiology of Rabies and Current US Vaccine Guidelines. R I Med J (2013). 2020 Aug 3. PMID: 32752569.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32752569/
  2. 2Ellul M et al. Acute encephalitis - diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Mar. PMID: 29626021. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-155.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29626021/
  3. 3Simon DW et al. Acute encephalitis. Crit Care Clin. 2013 Apr. PMID: 23537675. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.01.001.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23537675/
Coding Register
ICD-10
ICD-11
Key Statistics
Total cases
5K
Peak month
2019-12
Coverage
1 reporting countries · 2012-09-16 → 2026-08-30

Coverage

Reporting countries and regions

1 location

Monthly patterns over time

Data access

Page dataset index with source links and update metadata.

Rows1,458
Updated2026-09-01
Coverage—
Partitions4
Source1 series · 729 observations
Official sourcesAuthority, cadence, notes1
Japan

JP NIID Weekly

Japan

Source
weeklyweb

Japan weekly infectious disease surveillance via NIID/JIHS.

Partitioned public data

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