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Peer reviewedOpen accessCholera

Politicization of water, humanitarian response, and health in Syria as a contributor to the ongoing cholera outbreak

International Journal of Infectious Diseases·

Maia C. Tarnas, Nabil Karah, Naser Almhawish, Ibrahim Aladhan, Radwan Alobaid, Aula Abbara

DOI
10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.042
PMID
36990201
PMCID
OpenAlex
W4360999403
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The article highlights that cholera outbreaks are entirely preventable and that Syria's outbreak illustrates how violation of the right to health during armed conflict creates conditions for preventable disease emergence. The earthquakes raise urgent concerns that cholera transmission, especially in northwest Syria, may become uncontrolled.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

This article examines how the politicization of water, humanitarian response, and health systems in Syria has contributed to the cholera outbreak that began in September 2022.

Study design

This is a narrative commentary analyzing the context and contributing factors to Syria's ongoing cholera outbreak through the lens of conflict-related infrastructure and health system disruption.

Population and setting

The analysis covers populations across Syria, with particular focus on northwest Syria, in the context of protracted conflict, drought, floods, and the early 2023 Türkiye-Syria earthquakes.

Main findings

The cholera outbreak, declared in September 2022 following a surge in acute watery diarrhea cases, reflects systematic interference with WASH infrastructure and politicization of humanitarian response throughout the conflict. Environmental stressors including droughts, floods, and the 2023 earthquakes have compounded WASH deficiencies. The outbreak occurs within a setting where health care has been weaponized, attacks on health infrastructure are routine, and syndromic surveillance and outbreak response have been politically restricted.

Public-health relevance

The article highlights that cholera outbreaks are entirely preventable and that Syria's outbreak illustrates how violation of the right to health during armed conflict creates conditions for preventable disease emergence. The earthquakes raise urgent concerns that cholera transmission, especially in northwest Syria, may become uncontrolled.

Important limitations

This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata and requires review of the full article for decision-grade interpretation of the outbreak analysis and its implications.

GIDS interpretation

The article is indexed under cholera, Syria, and outbreak investigation topics, making it discoverable through disease-specific and geographic queries related to cholera surveillance in the Middle East region and conflict-affected settings.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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