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Peer reviewedInfluenzaZoster

Influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccination in Italy: Knowledge, uptake, and determinants across the adult life course

Vaccine·

Elena Levati, Riccardo Calvani, Stefano Cacciatore, Matteo Tosato, Vincenzo Galluzzo, Francesca Ciciarello, Sara Salini, Andrea Russo, Emanuele Marzetti, Francesco Landi

DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128853
PMID
42322680
PMCID
OpenAlex
W7165393801
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The data reveal persistent gaps in immunization recognition and administration for pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines within the general adult demographic, highlighting opportunities for improved public health messaging.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

What is the current level of awareness and self-reported administration for influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster immunizations among Italian adults, and which demographic or behavioral factors correlate with participation?

Study design

A cross-sectional survey analysis leveraging data from the Look-Up 8+ initiative, utilizing logistic regression to evaluate relationships between participant characteristics and vaccine administration rates.

Population and setting

A geographically distributed cohort of 4,575 Italian residents aged eighteen and older, recruited across multiple national regions.

Main findings

Recognition rates were highest for influenza, whereas pneumococcal and herpes zoster awareness showed considerable variation. Immunization rates for all three targets increased with advancing age and demonstrated positive correlations with female sex, consistent exercise, tobacco use, and diabetic conditions. Participants most commonly declined immunizations due to a perceived absence of medical necessity.

Public-health relevance

The data reveal persistent gaps in immunization recognition and administration for pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccines within the general adult demographic, highlighting opportunities for improved public health messaging.

Important limitations

The investigation depends entirely on self-reported survey responses without independent clinical verification. Because explicit methodological constraints are absent from the provided materials, this summary is limited to the supplied single-article abstract/metadata and requires the original paper for decision-grade interpretation.

GIDS interpretation

This publication establishes a descriptive baseline for adult immunization awareness and administration patterns in Italy, serving as a reference point for understanding regional healthcare priorities and identifying knowledge deficits.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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