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Peer reviewedCOVID-19PertussisDiphtheriaInfluenzaTetanusZosterHepatitis ATuberculosisMumpsRubellaVaricellaHepatitis BPoliomyelitisMeasles

Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel in Europe, 2026

Vaccine·

Helena C. Maltezou, Michael Borg, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Arne B. Brantsæter, Saulius Caplinskas, Liudmyla Chernyshova, Olga Cirstea, Rok Civljak, Klara Dokova, Oana Falup-Pecurariu, Irina Filippova, Filipe Froes, Marta Grgič Vitek, Ulrich Heininger, Judith M. Hübschen, Kamilla S. Josefsdottir, George Kassianos, Maria Koliou, Jan Kyncl, Fedir Lapii, Per Ljungman, Snežana Medić, Zsuzsanna Molnar, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch, Hanna Nohynek, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Barbara Rath, Silvio Tafuri, Liam Townsend, Romana Ulbrichtová, Pierre Van Damme, Gerrit A. van Essen, Marie-Louise von Linstow, Ursula Wiedermann, Dace Zavadska, Gregory A. Poland

DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128839
PMID
42392011
PMCID
OpenAlex
W7167059675
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The findings highlight persistent variation in healthcare worker vaccination policies across Europe despite recent expansion. The authors note that harmonized, evidence-based policies are needed to protect both healthcare personnel and patients amid resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

The study examined vaccination policies for healthcare personnel across 34 European countries in 2026, focusing on the range of vaccines included, mandatory versus recommended status, and changes since 2018.

Study design

This was a policy review covering vaccination requirements and recommendations for healthcare workers in European countries. The design involved cataloging vaccination policies by disease target and implementation framework.

Population and setting

The population of interest was healthcare personnel and healthcare students in 34 European countries. Policies varied by target personnel groups and whether vaccination was required for employment.

Main findings

All 34 countries maintained hepatitis B vaccination policies for healthcare workers, 33 had influenza policies, and 22 had COVID-19 policies. Sixteen countries mandated specific vaccinations, with nine requiring them as an employment prerequisite. Compared to 2018, vaccination programs expanded to include an average of four additional vaccines, though gaps remained for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and pertussis in several countries.

Public-health relevance

The findings highlight persistent variation in healthcare worker vaccination policies across Europe despite recent expansion. The authors note that harmonized, evidence-based policies are needed to protect both healthcare personnel and patients amid resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Important limitations

This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata. Decision-grade interpretation of study limitations, data collection methods, and policy implementation details requires review of the original paper.

GIDS interpretation

This article would be discoverable through disease-specific queries for vaccine-preventable infections including COVID-19, influenza, measles, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis, as well as through health policy and vaccination topic filters. The multi-disease scope supports comparative policy analysis.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 11 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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