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Peer reviewedOpen accessHepatitis AGastroenteritisHepatitis BHepatitis D

Major Outbreak of Hepatitis A Associated with Orange Juice among Tourists, Egypt, 2004

Emerging Infectious Diseases·

Christina Frank, Jan Walter, Marion Muehlen, Andreas Jansen, Ulrich van Treeck, Anja M. Hauri, Iris Zoellner, Magda Rakha, Marina Hoehne, Osamah Hamouda, Eckart Schreier, Klaus Stark

DOI
10.3201/eid1301.060487
PMID
17370535
PMCID
PMC2725821
OpenAlex
W2133922585
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The abstract frames the outbreak as travel-associated hepatitis A and states that hepatitis A vaccination is recommended before travel to endemic areas. This is relevant to travel medicine and outbreak prevention messaging.

01

Structured evidence summary

Research question

The article appears to address the source and characteristics of a hepatitis A outbreak among European tourists after travel to Egypt in 2004.

Study design

The abstract identifies a case-control study conducted as part of an outbreak investigation.

Population and setting

The reported outbreak involved 351 tourists from nine European countries who had returned from Egypt. The setting is travel-associated exposure linked to Egypt in 2004.

Main findings

The abstract reports that cases were infected with one hepatitis A strain, described as genotype 1 b. Orange juice was identified in the case-control study as the most probable vehicle of infection.

Public-health relevance

The abstract frames the outbreak as travel-associated hepatitis A and states that hepatitis A vaccination is recommended before travel to endemic areas. This is relevant to travel medicine and outbreak prevention messaging.

Important limitations

The abstract provides limited methodological detail beyond noting a case-control study, so assessment of exposure measurement, control selection, and analytic strength requires the full article. This summary is limited to the supplied single-article abstract and metadata and is not sufficient for decision-grade interpretation.

GIDS interpretation

The title, abstract, and classifier metadata make this article discoverable in relation to hepatitis A, Egypt, travel-associated illness, and outbreak investigation. The classifier list also contains other disease labels, but the supplied title and abstract specifically support hepatitis A as the relevant condition.

02

Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

03

Evidence relationships

This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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