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疾病概览

细菌性

霍乱

Cholera

有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日

霍乱是由摄入受霍乱弧菌污染的食物或水引起的急性腹泻感染,被视为全球公共卫生威胁及社会经济不平等的重要指标。该病进展迅速,若未及时干预可致严重脱水甚至死亡,但多数感染者仅表现为轻中度症状。通过改善环境卫生与提供安全饮用水可有效降低疾病负担。[1][2][3]

阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
定义

霍乱是一种因食入被霍乱弧菌污染的水源或食物而引发的急性肠道传染病。其流行状况直接反映当地在供水、卫生设施及社会发展方面的不足,属于需持续监测的法定报告传染病。[1][2][3]

临床特征

潜伏期通常为感染后12小时至5天。临床表现以轻度至中度腹泻为主,少数患者会发展为严重的急性水样泻并伴随危及生命的脱水及低血容量性休克。大量感染者虽无症状,但可在粪便中排出病原体长达1至10天。[1][2][3]

流行病学

全球每年估计发生130万至400万例病例,相关死亡人数在2.1万至14.3万之间。该病长期存在于缺乏安全饮水与基础卫生设施的地区,历史上已引发七次大流行,当前第七次大流行自1961年南亚起持续影响全球多地。疫情常呈周期性暴发,近年在海地、埃塞俄比亚和也门等地均有记录,且主要与O1和O139血清群相关,其中O1群主导了近期流行。[1][2][3][4]

传播/暴露

传播途径主要为粪口途径,通过饮用或食用受污染的水和食物实现。在卫生条件薄弱的环境中,亦可通过人与人之间的接触进行传播。水体及海洋环境中的自然储存库为病原体提供了持续来源,尤其在自然灾害或人为因素导致饮用水源受污染时易引发聚集性疫情。[1][5][3]

预防

根本控制策略在于推动经济发展并实现安全饮用水、基础卫生设施及良好卫生习惯的全面普及。暴发期间需立即落实水质监测、分发卫生包、推广洗手等防护行为,并确保社区能获取口服补液盐。口服霍乱疫苗是整合防控体系的核心组成部分,同时应加强跨部门协作与健康教育;大规模使用抗生素进行化学预防不被推荐。[1][2][3]

参考文献
  1. 1World Health Organization. Cholera [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera
  2. 2World Health Organization. Cholera [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera
  3. 3Chowdhury F et al. Diagnosis, Management, and Future Control of Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2022 Sep 21. PMID: 35726607. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00211-21.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35726607/
  4. 4Baker-Austin C et al. Vibrio spp. infections. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30002421. doi: 10.1038/s41572-018-0005-8.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30002421/
  5. 5Hsueh BY et al. Combating Cholera. F1000Res. 2019. PMID: 31069064. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.18093.1.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31069064/
编码登记
ICD-10
A00
ICD-11
1A00
核心统计
累计病例
2K
累计死亡
2
峰值月份
2001-09
覆盖区间
42 个报告国家 · 1930-01-01 → 2026-09-01

数据覆盖

报告国家和地区

42 个国家/地区

月度变化趋势

研究雷达

近期相关研究

查看全部研究 →

显示 10 篇相关论文中的 5 篇。

文献链接仅用于发现研究,不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。

数据获取

本页面数据索引,含来源链接和更新信息。

行数5,878
更新2026-09-01
范围
分块20
来源39 序列 · 1,866 观测
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明86
Austria

Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases

Austria

来源
每月official_monthly_csv

AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.

Australia

Australia NINDSS

Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

New South Wales, Australia

Australia NINDSS — New South Wales

New South Wales, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Northern Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory

Northern Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Queensland, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Queensland

Queensland, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

South Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — South Australia

South Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Tasmania, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Tasmania

Tasmania, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Victoria, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Victoria

Victoria, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Western Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Western Australia

Western Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Belgium

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline

Belgium

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Bulgaria

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline

Bulgaria

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Brazil

Brazil DATASUS SINAN

Brazil

来源
每月ftp_dbc

Brazil Ministry of Health DATASUS/SINAN public DBC microdata aggregated to national monthly notification counts.

Canada

Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual

Canada

来源
ANNUAL网页

Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.

Ontario, Canada

Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly

Ontario, Canada

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.

Switzerland

Switzerland FOPH IDD

Switzerland

来源
每周rest_api

Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.

China

China CDC Weekly

China

来源
MONTHLY网页

Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.

China

National Disease Control and Prevention Administration

China

来源
MONTHLY网页

Official China public health bulletin and query portal.

China

PubMed

China

来源
MONTHLY网页

Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.

Anhui, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Anhui, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Anhui, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Anhui, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Beijing, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Beijing, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Beijing, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Beijing, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Chongqing, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Chongqing, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Chongqing, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Chongqing, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Fujian, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Fujian, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Fujian, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Fujian, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Guangdong, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Guangdong, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Guangdong, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Guangdong, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Gansu, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Gansu, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Gansu, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Gansu, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Henan, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Henan, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Henan, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Henan, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Hunan, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Hunan, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Hunan, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Hunan, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Jiangsu, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Jiangsu, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Jiangsu, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Jiangsu, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Sichuan, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Sichuan, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Sichuan, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Sichuan, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Shandong, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Shandong, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Shandong, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Shandong, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Shanghai, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Shanghai, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Shanghai, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Shanghai, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Xinjiang, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Xinjiang, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Xinjiang, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Xinjiang, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Zhejiang, China

Public Health Science Data Center

Zhejiang, China

来源
每年official_datacenter_spreadsheet

Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.

Zhejiang, China

Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report

Zhejiang, China

来源
每月official_provincial_report

Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.

Cyprus

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline

Cyprus

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Czechia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline

Czechia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Germany

Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0

Germany

来源
每周official_webforms_csv_export

RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.

Denmark

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline

Denmark

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Estonia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline

Estonia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Spain

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline

Spain

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Finland

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register

Finland

来源
每月cube_csv

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.

France

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline

France

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

United Kingdom

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline

United Kingdom

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Greece

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline

Greece

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases

Hong Kong, China

来源
每月开放数据

Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals

Croatia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline

Croatia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Hungary

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline

Hungary

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Ireland

Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub

Ireland

来源
每周official_arcgis_feature_service

Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.

Iceland

冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板

Iceland

来源
每年Power BI 看板

冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报;历史值可能追溯修订,并保持年度总量口径。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署性病监测看板

Iceland

来源
月度事实(按季度发布)Power BI 看板

实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实;官方看板按季度发布。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板

Iceland

来源
每周Power BI 看板

按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数;住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记

Iceland

来源
年度与月度官方 Excel

1997—2021 年官方历史登记表,年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报

Iceland

来源
每月官方 Excel

Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数;与登记通报不可比并保持独立。

Italy

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline

Italy

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Japan

日本 NIID/JIHS 周报

Japan

来源
每周网页

日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。

South Korea

Korea KDCA EID

South Korea

来源
每月open_api_or_portal_download

Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.

Liechtenstein

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline

Liechtenstein

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Lithuania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline

Lithuania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Luxembourg

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline

Luxembourg

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Latvia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline

Latvia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Malta

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline

Malta

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Netherlands

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline

Netherlands

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Norway

Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank

Norway

来源
每月official_json_api

Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.

Poland

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline

Poland

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Portugal

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline

Portugal

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Romania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline

Romania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Sweden

Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet

Sweden

来源
每月official_html_csv

Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.

Singapore

Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin

Singapore

来源
每周official_csv_and_workbook

Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.

Slovenia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline

Slovenia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Slovakia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline

Slovakia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Taiwan, China

Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS

Taiwan, China

来源
每月开放数据

Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.

United States

US CDC NNDSS

United States

来源
mixed_weekly_annual接口

CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.

United States

US CDC NHSS HIV

United States

来源
mixed_weekly_annual接口

CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses

分块公开数据

选择时间范围和格式