肉芽肿性腹股沟病是一种以进行性生殖器溃疡为特征的慢性细菌感染,病原体为 Klebsiella granulomatis(旧称 Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)[1][2]。该病在历史上曾使用多种命名,其分类学地位虽经系统发育分析提出更新建议,但学界对病原体的最终定名仍存在讨论[1][2]。
疾病概览
细菌性肉芽肿性腹股沟病
Donovanosis
肉芽肿性腹股沟病(又称 Donovan 病)是一种由 Klebsiella granulomatis 引起的慢性细菌性感染,主要特征为生殖器溃疡[1][2]。该疾病在全球范围内发病率呈显著下降趋势,部分地区的消除计划已取得成效,但在欠发达地区仍属地方性流行[1][3][2]。由于临床识别不足及常规检测技术的局限,该病在流行区及非流行区均常被漏诊或误诊[4]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
接触病原体后约10至40天会出现无痛性小结节,随后破溃形成边缘隆起、质地柔软鲜红且易出血的开放性溃疡[1]。病变多发生于直接接触部位,如阴茎干、大阴唇、会阴部或因口交导致的口腔区域,并可通过自身接种持续扩散直至组织破坏[1]。若累及腹股沟区域,可形成假性横痃而不伴淋巴结实际受累[1]。
该病在诸多欠发达国家呈地方性流行,但在近年全球范围内发病率显著降低,发达国家年报告病例数极少[1][2]。历史数据显示曾出现过区域性暴发,例如1988至1997年间南非德班报告的疫情,而澳大利亚针对原住民的消除项目则被视为成功典范[3]。尽管整体流行率呈下降态势,但由于诊断技术门槛及临床经验缺乏,实际负担可能被严重低估[4][3]。
传播途径主要为与感染者发生直接性接触,尤其是与来自流行区的个体发生性行为会显著增加感染风险[1]。病原体通过破损皮肤或黏膜的直接接触进入机体,并可在体内通过自身接种进一步扩散[1]。口腔部位的病变通常继发于活动性生殖器病灶的口交行为[1]。
有效的预防措施包括坚持正确使用安全套、在建立新性关系前进行全面的性传播感染筛查,以及避免与来自流行区的个体发生性接触[1]。
- 1Wikipedia contributors. Granuloma inguinale - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 2 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma_inguinale
- 2O'Farrell N et al. Donovanosis. Clin Dermatol. 2026 Jan-Feb. PMID: 41016613. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2025.09.007.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41016613/
- 3O'Farrell N et al. Donovanosis. Sex Transm Infect. 2002 Dec. PMID: 12473810. doi: 10.1136/sti.78.6.452.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12473810/
- 4Velho PE et al. Donovanosis. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008 Dec. PMID: 19287842. doi: 10.1590/s1413-86702008000600015.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19287842/
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
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本页面数据索引,含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明9
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.