丝虫病是由丝虫总科线虫（寄生性圆虫）通过不同病媒传播所致的丝虫感染，被列入被忽视的热带病名单[2]。其中最常见的是由三种丝虫引起的淋巴丝虫病，其他类型包括由盘尾丝虫引起的盘尾丝虫病（又称河盲症）、由罗阿丝虫引起的罗阿丝虫病（Loiasis）、由三种曼森线虫引起的曼森线虫病以及由两种恶丝虫引起的恶丝虫病[2]。
疾病概览
寄生虫丝虫病
Filariasis
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
丝虫病是由丝虫总科（Filarioidea）寄生性线虫引起的一类被忽视的热带病，最常见的淋巴丝虫病由蚊媒传播的丝虫幼虫感染所致[1][2]。全球范围内淋巴丝虫病仍是导致长期残疾和永久性畸形的最主要原因之一，疾病负担主要集中在南亚与东南亚地区[1][2]。丝虫病属于可被化学疗法干预消除的疾病，世卫组织已正式将淋巴丝虫病和盘尾丝虫病列为可在流行区消除的重大寄生虫病[3]。气候变化对蚊媒分布的影响进一步增加了该病未来流行趋势的不确定性[1][2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
乳糜尿是丝虫病的典型临床表现之一，表现为尿液呈乳白色，这是由于淋巴系统与泌尿系统之间发生异常沟通所致，丝虫感染是乳糜尿最常见的病因[4]。
据估计，2000年全球淋巴丝虫病感染人数约为1.99亿，其中美洲约310万例，东南亚约1.07亿例[2]。孟加拉国、印度、印度尼西亚和缅甸合计占全球病例数的52%，全球疾病负担仍然集中于东南亚[2]。在2000至2018年间，约占全球病例21%的非洲地区呈现下降趋势，但全球总负担仍以南亚和东南亚为主[2]。气候变化被认为可能影响丝虫病及其病媒的地理分布，从而影响未来的流行态势[1][2]。
已知有八种丝虫以人类为终宿主，主要通过受感染的蚊媒传播，涉及伊蚊属、库蚊属、按蚊属和曼蚊属[2]。在淋巴丝虫病中，蚊媒叮咬将幼虫期虫体传播至人类宿主，完成传播循环[1]。丝虫的微丝蚴可被媒介进一步传播，使人群中的持续传播得以维持[3]。
预防策略的核心是阻断微丝蚴传播以减少疾病在人群中的扩散[3]。伊维菌素作为对微丝蚴有效的杀寄生虫药，可作为年度单次口服方案大规模使用，几乎无副作用，因此被世卫组织纳入控制和消除丝虫病的重要工具[3]。针对淋巴丝虫病与盘尾丝虫病的大规模化学治疗被世卫组织认定为可消除的疾病干预策略，在流行国家通常以免费方式提供[3]。
- 1Lourens GB et al. Lymphatic Filariasis. Nurs Clin North Am. 2019 Jun. PMID: 31027660. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2019.02.007.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31027660/
- 2Wikipedia contributors. Filariasis - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filariasis
- 3Richard-Lenoble D et al. Ivermectin and filariasis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Apr. PMID: 12667230. doi: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00170.x.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12667230/
- 4Kbaier I et al. [Chyluria]. Tunis Med. 2002 Nov. PMID: 12664512.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12664512/
- B74
- 1F60
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China
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Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Anhui, China
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Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Chongqing, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Xinjiang, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.