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疾病概览

细菌性

军团菌病

Legionellosis

有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日

军团菌病是由军团菌属细菌引起的感染性疾病,临床表现可从轻度流感样综合征到严重的致死性肺炎不等[1][2]。尽管该病在全球范围内呈上升趋势且公共卫生负担较重,但由于诊断方法局限及监测体系差异,实际发病率常被低估[1][3][2]。其中军团菌肺炎是社区和医院获得性肺炎的重要病因,重症患者常需入住重症监护室[4][3]

阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
定义

军团菌病泛指由军团菌属(如嗜肺军团菌)感染所致的疾病谱,主要包括表现为严重肺炎的军团菌肺炎和表现为自限性上呼吸道感染的庞蒂亚克热[5][1][4]。该病原体天然存在于淡水环境中,也可在人工水系统及园艺基质中繁殖[5][1]

临床特征

潜伏期通常为暴露后2至10天,主要症状包括咳嗽、呼吸困难、高热、肌肉疼痛和头痛,部分患者伴有恶心、呕吐或腹泻[5][1]。病情严重程度差异显著,轻者呈发热性自限状态,重者可发展为需呼吸或血流动力学支持的急性肺损伤,并伴随肺外表现[1][3]。不同暴露场景下的病死率存在明显差异,总体范围约为5%至40%,院内感染或免疫抑制人群可达更高水平[5][4][3]

流行病学

该病在全球多地均有发生,但报告发病率受各国诊断能力与监测强度影响极大,部分地区年发病率约为每百万人10至15例[1][3]。病例可归类为社区获得性、旅行相关、医院内或职业暴露型,近年来因高危人群增多及检测技术进步,全球报告病例数呈上升态势[1][4][3]。暴发通常指短时间内同一空间出现两例及以上具有共同暴露史或流行病学关联的病例[5]。职业场所中的感染案例逐渐受到关注,提示工作环境暴露对疾病分布的影响日益凸显[4]

传播/暴露

传播途径主要为吸入含有军团菌的气溶胶(如冷却塔、热水系统产生的雾气)或误吸污染水源,极少发生人际直接传播[5][1]。此外,接触受污染的盆栽土壤也可能导致特定菌种感染[1]。是否发病取决于环境中的细菌浓度、气溶胶扩散程度、宿主易感性以及菌株毒力,多数暴露并不会引发临床疾病[5][1]

预防

目前尚无针对该疾病的疫苗可用[5]。防控核心在于严格执行人工水系统的清洁与维护规范,以降低水体中病原体的定植与气溶胶化风险[5]

参考文献
  1. 1Wikipedia contributors. Legionnaires' disease - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires'_disease
  2. 2World Health Organization. Legionellosis [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/legionellosis
  3. 3Rello J et al. Severe Legionnaires' disease. Ann Intensive Care. 2024 Apr 2. PMID: 38565811. doi: 10.1186/s13613-024-01252-y.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38565811/
  4. 4Viasus D et al. Legionnaires' Disease: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Jun. PMID: 35505000. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00635-7.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35505000/
  5. 5Principe L et al. Legionellosis in the occupational setting. Environ Res. 2017 Jan. PMID: 27717486. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.018.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27717486/
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ICD-10
ICD-11
核心统计
累计病例
288K
峰值月份
2026-07
覆盖区间
41 个报告国家 · 1980-01-01 → 2026-09-01

数据覆盖

报告国家和地区

41 个国家/地区

月度变化趋势

研究雷达

近期相关研究

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文献链接仅用于发现研究,不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。

数据获取

本页面数据索引,含来源链接和更新信息。

行数8,196
更新2026-09-01
范围
分块10
来源40 序列 · 2,585 观测
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明55
Austria

Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases

Austria

来源
每月official_monthly_csv

AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.

Australia

Australia NINDSS

Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

New South Wales, Australia

Australia NINDSS — New South Wales

New South Wales, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Northern Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory

Northern Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Queensland, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Queensland

Queensland, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

South Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — South Australia

South Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Tasmania, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Tasmania

Tasmania, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Victoria, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Victoria

Victoria, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Western Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Western Australia

Western Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Belgium

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline

Belgium

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Bulgaria

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline

Bulgaria

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Canada

Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual

Canada

来源
ANNUAL网页

Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.

Ontario, Canada

Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly

Ontario, Canada

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.

Switzerland

Switzerland FOPH IDD

Switzerland

来源
每周rest_api

Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.

Cyprus

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline

Cyprus

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Czechia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline

Czechia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Germany

Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0

Germany

来源
每周official_webforms_csv_export

RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.

Denmark

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline

Denmark

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Estonia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline

Estonia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Spain

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline

Spain

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Finland

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register

Finland

来源
每月cube_csv

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.

France

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline

France

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

United Kingdom

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline

United Kingdom

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Greece

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline

Greece

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases

Hong Kong, China

来源
每月开放数据

Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals

Croatia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline

Croatia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Hungary

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline

Hungary

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Ireland

Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub

Ireland

来源
每周official_arcgis_feature_service

Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.

Iceland

冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板

Iceland

来源
每年Power BI 看板

冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报;历史值可能追溯修订,并保持年度总量口径。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署性病监测看板

Iceland

来源
月度事实(按季度发布)Power BI 看板

实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实;官方看板按季度发布。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板

Iceland

来源
每周Power BI 看板

按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数;住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记

Iceland

来源
年度与月度官方 Excel

1997—2021 年官方历史登记表,年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报

Iceland

来源
每月官方 Excel

Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数;与登记通报不可比并保持独立。

Italy

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline

Italy

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Japan

日本 NIID/JIHS 周报

Japan

来源
每周网页

日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。

South Korea

Korea KDCA EID

South Korea

来源
每月open_api_or_portal_download

Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.

Liechtenstein

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline

Liechtenstein

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Lithuania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline

Lithuania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Luxembourg

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline

Luxembourg

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Latvia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline

Latvia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Malta

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline

Malta

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Netherlands

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline

Netherlands

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Norway

Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank

Norway

来源
每月official_json_api

Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.

New Zealand

New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases

New Zealand

来源
每月网页

PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler

Poland

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline

Poland

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Portugal

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline

Portugal

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Romania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline

Romania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Sweden

Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet

Sweden

来源
每月official_html_csv

Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.

Singapore

Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin

Singapore

来源
每周official_csv_and_workbook

Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.

Slovenia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline

Slovenia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Slovakia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline

Slovakia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Taiwan, China

Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS

Taiwan, China

来源
每月开放数据

Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.

United States

US CDC NNDSS

United States

来源
mixed_weekly_annual接口

CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.

United States

US CDC NHSS HIV

United States

来源
mixed_weekly_annual接口

CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses

分块公开数据

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