猴痘是由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的疾病，属于正痘病毒属痘病毒科，是一种包膜双链DNA病毒。病毒的自然宿主尚不明确，但各种小型哺乳动物如松鼠和猴子易感[2][3]。
疾病概览
猴痘
Monkeypox
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
猴痘（mpox）是由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的一种病毒性疾病，属于正痘病毒属痘病毒科，与天花、牛痘和痘苗病毒同属一科。该病毒有两个不同的分支：分支I（包括Ia和Ib亚分支）和分支II（包括IIa和IIb亚分支）。2022年全球分支IIb暴发蔓延至至少118个国家，世界卫生组织于2022年7月宣布其为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。2024年8月14日，由于中非分支I感染快速增加，WHO再次宣布猴痘为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件[1][2][3][4][5]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
症状通常在暴露后一周内出现，但可能延迟至1-21天，症状一般持续2-4周，免疫功能低下者可能延长。常见症状包括疼痛性皮疹、淋巴结肿大、发热、头痛、肌肉酸痛、背痛和乏力[2][4]。皮疹常始于面部并扩散至全身，累及手掌和足底，也可能从接触部位（如生殖器）开始。皮疹从扁平斑发展为充满液体的水疱，随后结痂愈合，可留下疤痕[3][4]。
1970年在刚果民主共和国发现首例人感染病例，此后该疾病主要在非洲西部和中部国家引起散发和暴发。2022年全球分支IIb暴发波及至少118个国家，导致全球超过99,000人感染，美国报告超过33,000例感染和60例死亡。2024年美国每月新增约200例感染。分支Ia和Ib正在影响刚果民主共和国和其他非洲国家，分支Ib已于2024年8月扩散至非洲以外地区[2][4][5]。
主要通过与猴痘患者的密切接触在人与人之间传播，包括皮肤接触（如性接触）、口对口或口对皮肤接触，以及面对面交流（产生感染性呼吸道颗粒）[1][2][3]。病毒也可通过被患者接触过的物体表面（如衣物、床单）传播，在医疗机构通过针刺伤传播，或在纹身店等社区场所传播[2][4]。在动物宿主存在的地区，可通过接触受感染动物（猴子或陆地啮齿类动物）而被感染，包括咬伤、抓伤、狩猎、剥皮或准备食物，以及食用未煮熟的受污染肉类[1][2]。孕妇可能在怀孕或分娩期间将病毒传给胎儿或新生儿[2]。
接种猴痘疫苗可预防感染（暴露前预防），建议高危人群在暴发期间接种。接触猴痘患者后也可接种疫苗（暴露后预防），最好在接触后4天内接种，最多可在14天内接种（若尚未出现症状）[2]。避免与野生动物（尤其是生病或死亡的动物）进行无保护接触，包括其肉类和血液，在流行国家避免食用未煮熟的含有动物肉类的食物[1]。
- 1World Health Organization. Mpox [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox
- 2Mitjà O et al. Monkeypox. Lancet. 2023 Jan 7. PMID: 36403582. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02075-X.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36403582/
- 3World Health Organization. Mpox [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/mpox
- 4Titanji BK et al. Mpox Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Approaches, and Treatment Strategies: A Review. JAMA. 2024 Nov 19. PMID: 39401235. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.21091.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39401235/
- 5World Health Organization. Mpox [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/mpox
- B04
- 1E71
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Emerging infectious diseases (Mpox, Nipah, and Andes): A narrative review of transmission, environmental survival, and disinfection.
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Toward Precision Vaccinology for Mpox: Rational Antigen Design, Next-Generation Platforms, and Immune Correlates of Protection
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Molecular cloning of a monkeypox virus clade IIb genome and construction of an attenuated mutant for basic and translational research.
Emerging microbes & infections
High mpox mortality in people living with HIV and immune suppression: Lessons from Sierra Leone for integrated outbreak preparedness and response
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MPOX: ASPECTOS GERAIS E O USO DA ABORDAGEM <i>ONE HEALTH</i> NO CONTEXTO DESSA ZOONOSE VIRAL
RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218
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本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明43
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses