鹦鹉热是一种由嗜吞噬细胞型衣原体引起的全身性人兽共患感染 [3]。该病原体属于专性细胞内寄生菌，具有独特的双相发育周期 [1]。
疾病概览
细菌性鹦鹉热
Psittacosis
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
鹦鹉热是由嗜吞噬细胞型衣原体（Chlamydia psittaci）引起的人兽共患感染性疾病 [1][2]。该病原体是一种专性细胞内革兰氏阴性菌，可导致鸟类衣原体病及人类鹦鹉热 [1]。近期调查显示澳大利亚、德国和英国的人类发病率最高 [2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
患者通常表现为发热、头痛、肌痛和非生产性咳嗽，持续约一周 [3]。虽然肺炎是最常见的表现，但所有器官系统均可受累，呈现肺外表现 [3]。疾病谱系从无症状感染到严重非典型肺炎和全身性疾病不等 [4]。与其他非典型肺炎不同，鹦鹉热可通过特征性的肺外器官受累模式与其他非典型病原体相鉴别 [5]。
近期疾病调查显示，澳大利亚、德国和英国目前人类发病率最高 [2]。在比利时，自2010年以来实验室阳性报告数缓慢增加，2017年几乎比前两年翻倍 [4]。鹦鹉热病例数在比利时及其他国家可能被严重低估，原因是诊断不足和报告缺失 [4][2]。在三年期间，强制性报告系统仅登记了全部阳性实验室结果的24% [4]。
该病原体主要通过鸟类之间的水平传播 [1]。跨物种传播时有发生 [1]。近十年已证实存在人际传播 [2]。人类感染主要与接触鸟类有关，无论是职业性暴露还是伴侣鸟类暴露 [4]。
现有综述涵盖了包括预防在内的多个方面，旨在提供对该病原体的基本理解 [1]。
- 1Wang J et al. Chlamydia psittaci: A zoonotic pathogen causing avian chlamydiosis and psittacosis. Virulence. 2024 Dec. PMID: 39541409. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2428411.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39541409/
- 2Rybarczyk J et al. Human psittacosis: a review with emphasis on surveillance in Belgium. Acta Clin Belg. 2020 Feb. PMID: 30882289. doi: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1590889.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30882289/
- 3Dembek ZF et al. Psittacosis: An Underappreciated and Often Undiagnosed Disease. Pathogens. 2023 Sep 15. PMID: 37764973. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12091165.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37764973/
- 4Stewardson AJ et al. Psittacosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Mar. PMID: 20171542. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2009.10.003.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20171542/
- 5Cunha BA et al. The atypical pneumonias: clinical diagnosis and importance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 May. PMID: 16669925. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01393.x.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16669925/
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Diagnosis and treatment experience of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective study in China
BMC Infectious Diseases
Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Epidemiology and Infection
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明19
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses