猩红热属于A组链球菌感染的一种特定临床表现类型，由能够分泌致热外毒素的细菌株引起 [1][2][3]。该病原体通过释放超抗原过度激活宿主免疫系统，诱发强烈的超敏反应，从而形成典型的临床综合征 [2]。作为人类专性病原体，其在宿主体内定植与扩散依赖于多种毒力因子的协同作用 [1]。
疾病概览
细菌性猩红热
Scarlet fever
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
猩红热是由产致热外毒素的化脓性链球菌（A组链球菌）感染引起的急性疾病，临床常表现为咽峡炎伴特征性皮疹及口部体征 [1][2][3]。该病在十八至十九世纪的欧美曾引发严重流行，二十世纪后发病率骤降，但近年来多国再次出现病例回升 [3]。当前全球范围内（尤其欧洲）的发病趋势提示需持续监测其公共卫生影响 [2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
早期典型症状包括咽痛、高热以及呈砂纸触感的弥漫性皮疹，常伴随“草莓舌”或“覆盆子舌”等口腔表现 [2]。部分患者可能经历无症状定植，而重症或未及时干预者则面临局部与全身性免疫后遗症的风险 [1]。这些体征与全身反应共同构成了该病的核心临床识别特征 [3]。
历史上该病曾在欧美地区造成极高的发病与死亡负担，二十世纪期间几乎绝迹，但近年已在英国等多个国家呈现重新流行的态势 [3]。大流行后的近期阶段主要在欧洲观察到病例显著增加，具体驱动因素仍待阐明 [2]。全球A组链球菌相关疾病每年导致逾五十万人死亡，其流行波动与新克隆株的出现及耐药性演变密切相关 [1]。
该病原体主要通过人际接触实现传播，能够在感染者体内建立无症状定植并引发多种临床表型 [1]。其毒力因子网络不仅促进宿主内的广泛扩散，还通过干扰固有与适应性免疫应答来维持传播能力 [2]。这种高度适应人类的特性使其在人群中的持续循环成为可能 [1]。
世界卫生组织已发布专项研究与技术路线图，明确优先疫苗特征，以此推动安全有效预防制剂的研发进程 [1]。面对毒力因子演变与抗菌药物敏感性下降的挑战，公共卫生界正重新聚焦于新型疫苗的开发以替代传统治疗依赖 [1]。当前的预防重心在于通过生物制品创新降低群体感染负荷 [1]。
- 1Managing scarlet fever. Drug Ther Bull. 2017 Sep. PMID: 28882851. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2017.8.0529.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28882851/
- 2Matsubara VH et al. Recrudescence of Scarlet Fever and Its Implications for Dental Professionals. Int Dent J. 2023 Jun. PMID: 37062653. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.009.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37062653/
- 3Brouwer S et al. Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Jul. PMID: 36894668. doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00865-7.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36894668/
- 4Muzumdar S et al. The rash with maculopapules and fever in children. Clin Dermatol. 2019 Mar-Apr. PMID: 30981292. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.005.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30981292/
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- 1C1Z
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal analysis of scarlet fever in Guangzhou, China: the surveillance of 20 years
BMC Infectious Diseases
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of group a streptococcus recovered from patients in Beijing, China
BMC Infectious Diseases
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明72
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Beijing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Beijing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hainan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hainan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Heilongjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Heilongjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Inner Mongolia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Qinghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Qinghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tianjin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tianjin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tibet, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
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冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
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Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
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Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
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Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.