血吸虫病是一种由血吸虫属（Schistosoma）血吸虫（吸虫蠕虫）引起的急慢性寄生虫病[2]。血吸虫属于寄生虫扁叶虫，血吸虫病被归类为吸虫感染[1]。该病存在两种主要形式——肠道型和泌尿生殖道型，由五种主要血吸虫物种引起[2]。
疾病概览
寄生虫血吸虫病
Schistosomiasis
有证据支持的资料英文 7/7 个适用章节 · 中文 7/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
血吸虫病（又称埃及血吸虫病、裂体吸虫病、卡塔亚马热）是一种由血吸虫属扁叶虫引起的热带寄生虫病，属于吸虫感染[1][2]。该病主要影响泌尿系统或肠道，估计全球至少有2.537亿人需要预防性治疗，至少8亿人面临感染风险，仅次于疟疾成为主要传染病[2][3]。血吸虫病在79个国家有传播报告，93.9%以上需要治疗的患者生活在非洲[2]。埃及的血吸虫病历史可追溯至数千年前，尿液带血曾被视为男孩的成年礼，尼罗河流域的水坝和灌溉项目加剧了该病的流行[1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料8
血吸虫病的症状包括腹痛、腹泻、血便或血尿[1]。长期感染者可能出现肝脏损伤、肾功能衰竭、不孕症或膀胱癌[1]。儿童患者可能出现发育不良、生长迟缓和学习困难[1]。肺动脉高压是血吸虫病的慢性并发症之一，其病理变化与特发性肺动脉高压相似[4]。成虫可分泌抗凝血物质，导致类似血友病或服用抗凝药物者的凝血功能异常[1]。
血吸虫病是全球最常见的寄生虫病之一，在70多个国家流行，全球感染人数超过2亿，78个国家共有超过2.5亿患者[4][3]。每年造成约28万至50万人死亡[3]。2024年至少有2.537亿人需要预防性治疗[2]。93.9%以上需要治疗的患者生活在非洲[2]。血吸虫病在热带和亚热带地区最为常见，尤其在缺乏安全饮用水和 adequate卫生设施的贫困社区[2]。
人类通过接触被寄生虫污染的淡水而感染，寄生虫由受感染的淡水螺释放，穿透皮肤进入人体[2]。患者通过粪便或尿液将含有寄生虫卵的排泄物排入淡水水源，虫卵在水中孵化完成寄生虫生命周期[2][1]。在人体内，幼虫发育为成虫，寄生于血管中，雌虫产卵，部分卵随粪便或尿液排出体外继续生命周期，部分滞留在组织中引起免疫反应并逐步损伤器官[2]。
高危人群包括生活在地方性地区并接触感染淡水的人，尤其是农业和渔业人群[2]。没有安全饮用水和适当环境卫生的贫困和农村社区承受最大负担，在感染水中从事家务（如洗衣）的妇女也面临风险[2]。预防性治疗针对生活在疾病常见地区的高危人群，大规模治疗针对风险群体[1][2]。估计全球近8亿人面临血吸虫病风险[3]。
血吸虫病防控基于高危人群大规模治疗、安全饮水供应、改善环境卫生、健康教育、行为改变以及对螺类中间宿主和动物传播源的One Health方法[2]。在疾病流行地区，可每年一次向全部高危人群服用吡喹酮以减少感染和传播[1]。改善饮水条件和减少螺类数量是重要的预防措施[1]。城市化、污染及由此导致的螺类栖息地破坏已减少部分地区的暴露和新感染[1]。
在监测和公共卫生监测中，筛查指标可支持病例发现：尿液试纸检测血尿已用于筛查社区中的 S. haematobium 感染，而粪便隐血检测可能识别潜在的 S. mansoni 或 S. japonicum 感染[1]。血液嗜酸性粒细胞增多可作为来自地方性地区旅行者或移民的支持性信号，当怀疑肝脾型病变时，肝功能检测可指导进一步调查[1]。这些标志物支持筛查和监测，后续调查可依据虫种特异路径和肝功能检测（如有指征）进行指导[1]。
- 1World Health Organization. Schistosomiasis [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schistosomiasis
- 2World Health Organization. Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) [Internet]. cited 2 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/schistosomiasis
- 3LoVerde PT et al. Schistosomiasis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024. PMID: 39008264. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-60121-7_3.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39008264/
- 4Wikipedia contributors. Schistosomiasis - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis
- 5Şen N et al. [Schistosomiasis and pulmonary hypertension]. Tuberk Toraks. 2017 Sep. PMID: 29135402. doi: 10.5578/tt.53798.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29135402/
- B65
- 1F86
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
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The Lancet Microbe
Resistance evaluation and surveillance initiative for schistosomiasis treatment: study protocol for the RESIST project
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明36
Brazil DATASUS SINAN
Brazil
Brazil Ministry of Health DATASUS/SINAN public DBC microdata aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.