蜱传脑炎的病原体是蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV），一种黄病毒科（flavivirus）病毒，也是该病的病因学代理[1][2]。来源资料将其描述为一种arboviral etiology，说明其与节肢动物媒介传播密切相关[1]。该病在人群中的暴露多为偶发感染，属于与蜱、动物及人之间传播循环相关的自然疫源性疾病[1]。
疾病概览
蜱传脑炎
Tick-borne encephalitis
有证据支持的资料英文 6/7 个适用章节 · 中文 6/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
蜱传脑炎（tick-borne encephalitis, TBE）是由蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）引起的病毒性蜱媒疾病，属于欧洲和亚洲重要的蜱媒病毒病之一[1][2]。现有资料提示其发病数近几十年持续上升，且地理分布范围扩大，已构成新发公共卫生问题[1][2]。监测上应将其视为可在多国持续报告、并与蜱暴露生态和食源性暴露相关联的神经系统感染事件[1][2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料7
人类感染后可无症状，也可表现为从轻度流感样症状到严重神经系统症状的谱系[1]。一项综述指出，其临床经过常呈典型双相性：短潜伏期后出现病毒血症期，主要为非特异性流感样表现；随后在2–7天无症状间歇后，超过半数患者进展至神经系统阶段[2]。神经系统阶段通常累及中枢神经系统，较少累及周围神经系统[2]。急性期后，少数患者可遗留长期神经功能缺损，另有40%–50%患者出现后脑炎综合征并明显影响日常活动和生活质量[2]。死亡率总体较低，已报道确诊病例中约为1%，但受病毒亚型影响[2]。
蜱传脑炎在欧洲和亚洲广泛存在，至少见于27个欧洲和亚洲国家[1][2]。近年资料一致提示其发病率上升、分布范围扩大，并且在欧洲多个国家仍持续报告病例[1]。文献估计TBEV每年影响约10,000至15,000名患者，提示其具有稳定而可观的监测负担[2]。自然维持循环中，蜱和小型哺乳动物被认为发挥重要作用，且该病也可影响犬、马、牛和小反刍动物[1]。
主要传播方式为被感染蜱叮咬后感染人类[1][2]。较少见的传播途径包括摄入受感染动物的未消毒乳及乳制品，以及气溶胶暴露[1][2]。来源资料同时指出，病毒在蜱、动物和人之间循环传播，提示其流行与媒介和宿主生态密切相关[1]。
现有来源明确指出，人类为偶然宿主；此外，疾病还可影响犬、马、牛和小反刍动物[1]。除与蜱暴露相关的人群外，所提供资料未进一步给出可直接支持的特定高风险职业、年龄或免疫学风险分层，因此此类信息目前不宜推断[1][2]。
现有资料强调免疫接种和防护蜱叮咬是预防蜱传脑炎的关键措施[1]。由于也存在经未消毒乳和乳制品传播的可能，暴露控制还应关注食源性风险管理[1][2]。关于更具体的疫苗程序、适用人群或其他细化预防措施，所提供来源尚未给出可直接支持的细节[1][2]。
- 1Kwasnik M et al. Tick-Borne Encephalitis-Review of the Current Status. J Clin Med. 2023 Oct 18. PMID: 37892741. doi: 10.3390/jcm12206603.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37892741/
- 2Chiffi G et al. Tick-borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture. Rev Med Virol. 2023 Sep. PMID: 37392370. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2470.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37392370/
- A84
- 1D49
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
同行评议开放获取蜱传脑炎
DOI 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2026.102673 ↗Cognitive outcome in relation to cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuronal and glial cell damage: A prospective study of tick-borne encephalitis.
Ticks and tick-borne diseases
Fatal European subtype tick-borne encephalitis in a fully vaccinated immunocompetent child: a case report with viral sequencing.
BMC infectious diseases
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Effectiveness and Impact in Slovenia, 2019-2024.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination coverage among outdoor workers in Sweden: a nationwide survey
Vaccine
High burden of autochthonous arboviral infections during the summer season in Verona province, Italy, during 2025
Journal of Infection
显示 14 篇相关论文中的 5 篇。
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明37
Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases
Austria
AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline
Bulgaria
Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline
Denmark
Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline
France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline
Netherlands
Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.