弓形虫病是由原虫寄生虫刚地弓形虫引起的一类感染性疾病，临床上通常划分为先天性传播与后天获得性感染两大类型 [1]。脑组织因局部炎症反应较弱，成为该寄生虫的重要偏好部位，其中脑弓形虫病多由体内潜伏病灶再激活所致 [2]。眼部受累则常表现为视网膜脉络膜炎，属于后葡萄膜炎最常见的感染性病因之一 [3]。
疾病概览
寄生虫弓形体病
Toxoplasmosis
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
刚地弓形虫感染传统上被视为主要影响先天性发育或免疫缺陷人群的疾病，但潜伏期感染与多种神经精神障碍的关联正不断提升其公共卫生重要性 [1]。该病原体易在中枢神经系统定植，常由潜伏感染再激活引发脑病变，同时也是后葡萄膜炎的主要感染性病因 [2][3]。人类感染多通过摄入受污染的食物、水源或接触环境介质获得，母婴传播亦可导致严重后果 [4]。尽管现有治疗手段可缓解部分症状，但针对人类的预防性疫苗尚未获批 [2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
中枢神经系统受累多见于免疫功能低下者，其病理机制涉及多种免疫介导的炎症反应 [2]。眼部病变典型表现为视网膜脉络膜炎，确诊需结合特征性临床表现、血清学检测及房水或玻璃体中的寄生虫DNA分析 [3]。母婴垂直传播可造成胎儿毁灭性的视觉与神经发育损害，而慢性感染在孕妇群体中亦与精神类疾病存在流行病学关联 [4]。
中枢神经系统感染的患病率在艾滋病流行率高且抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖不足的地区呈现显著聚集性 [2]。眼弓形虫病是全球后葡萄膜炎最常见的感染性病因之一 [3]。该病原体的流行程度高度依赖于区域医疗资源水平与宿主免疫防御能力，其实际公共卫生负担随地区筛查体系完善度而异 [2][3]。
感染主要通过摄入受污染的食物与饮用水，以及直接接触被污染的土壤等环境介质获得 [4]。母体至胎儿的垂直传播构成另一关键途径，可引发胎儿严重的器质性损害 [4]。有效的筛查与教育计划对于降低未确诊病例的传播风险至关重要 [4]。
目前尚无经证实对人类有效且安全的疫苗，相关制剂仍处于动物实验验证阶段 [2]。现有的防控重点在于利用临床诊断工具进行早期识别，并及时启动抗寄生虫治疗以降低发病风险 [2]。
- 1Dian S et al. Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: a review. Pathog Glob Health. 2023 Feb. PMID: 35694771. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2083977.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35694771/
- 2Milne G et al. Toxoplasma gondii: AnUnderestimated Threat? Trends Parasitol. 2020 Dec. PMID: 33012669. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.08.005.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012669/
- 3Deganich M et al. Toxoplasmosis Infection during Pregnancy. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 21. PMID: 36668910. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010003.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36668910/
- 4Kalogeropoulos D et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a review of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Jan. PMID: 34370174. doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-01994-9.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34370174/
- B58
- 1F57
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and syphilis infections among pregnant women and infants in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
PeerJ
Design and synthesis of RNA vaccines encoding SAG1 antigen of toxoplasma gondii and evaluation of immunogenicity and its protective efficacy against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice
Vaccine
Systematic review and modelling of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in humans, Europe, 2000 to 2021
Eurosurveillance
Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs
BMC Infectious Diseases
Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women in France, 1980–2020: model-based estimation
Epidemiology and Infection
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数据获取
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明30
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline
Bulgaria
Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Brazil DATASUS SINAN
Brazil
Brazil Ministry of Health DATASUS/SINAN public DBC microdata aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline
France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.