Amebiasis is an enteropathic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which can persist as a non-pathogenic colonic commensal or become invasive [1][4][2]. Recognition that morphologically similar organisms include the pathogen E. histolytica and the commensal E. dispar has reshaped understanding of the disease [3].
Aperçu de la maladie
Parasitaire Informations étayées par des preuves EN 5/7 sections · FR 5/7 sections Mis à jour le Oct 23, 2026
Amebiasis is a parasitic disease produced by Entamoeba histolytica and represents a major global cause of mortality among parasitic infections, ranking as the second or fourth leading parasitic killer worldwide [1][2][3]. Most infected persons harbor the organism without symptoms, but roughly one in ten develops invasive illness such as colitis or liver abscess [4][2]. The condition is endemic in developing countries and continues to pose a public-health challenge despite declining case reports in some regions [1][5][2].
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In the majority of infected individuals the parasite colonizes the large intestine asymptomatically and is self-limiting, whereas in others it breaches the mucosal barrier to produce acute diarrhea, dysentery, and amebic colitis [1]. Dissemination to soft organs can generate abscesses, with amebic liver abscesses being the most common extraintestinal manifestation, presenting with right-upper abdominal pain and fever [1][5]. Invasive trophozoites secrete proteinases, kill host cells on contact, and may travel via portal circulation to the liver, causing liquefactive necrosis [3].
Amebiasis affects millions of people globally and causes about 70,000 deaths each year, with extraintestinal abscesses responsible for nearly 50,000 fatalities in 2010 [1][2][5]. It is endemic in developing countries and principally infects children there, while liver-abscess complications remain an important public-health problem in endemic areas despite recent declines [1][5][2]. The disease is the second leading cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide [3].
The parasite is transmitted through contamination of food and water with infective stages [1]. After ingestion, E. histolytica may colonize the intestine asymptomatically or become virulent, and in invasive cases trophozoites can enter the circulation and seed the liver via portal blood flow [1][5][3].
No vaccine for amebiasis has yet been approved for human use, though several candidate approaches are under study [1]. Control relies on improving water-purification systems and hygiene practices to reduce contamination and lower incidence [1]. Additional research strategies include probiotics, natural products, and enhanced sanitation alongside ongoing vaccine development [1][2].
- 1 Li J et al. Review of zoonotic amebiasis: Epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Res Vet Sci. 2021 May. PMID: 33676155. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.021. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33676155/
- 2 Nagaraja S et al. Target identification and intervention strategies against amebiasis. Drug Resist Updat. 2019 May. PMID: 31112766. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.04.003. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31112766/
- 3 Stanley SL Jr et al. Amoebiasis. Lancet. 2003 Mar 22. PMID: 12660071. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12830-9. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12660071/
- 4 Guillén N et al. Pathogenicity and virulence of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of amoebiasis. Virulence. 2023 Dec. PMID: 36519347. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158656. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36519347/
- 5 Usuda D et al. Amebic liver abscess by Entamoeba histolytica. World J Clin Cases. 2022 Dec 26. PMID: 36683647. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i36.13157. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36683647/
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