Impact of EV-A71 vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease: A 14-year interrupted time series analysis
Journal of Infection·
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106795
- PMID
- 42285524
- PMCID
- —
- OpenAlex
- W7164591269
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
The data illustrate how coordinated immunization efforts and temporary behavioral modifications can substantially suppress regional transmission cycles. Shifting pathogen dominance following targeted immunization suggests current prophylactic approaches may require broader formulation to address emerging viral variants.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
This investigation sought to quantify how targeted immunization campaigns and temporary public health restrictions influenced regional outbreak frequencies and circulating viral strains.
Study design
The research employed a fourteen-year interrupted time series segmented regression framework utilizing routine municipal reporting records.
Population and setting
The analytical cohort comprised every documented hand, foot, and mouth disease occurrence within Beijing municipal tracking systems spanning from early 2011 through late 2024.
Main findings
Routine immunization correlated with a thirty-three percent decline in disease frequency, while strict behavioral restrictions produced an eighty-four percent drop. Subsequent policy easing triggered a notable case increase, though statistical significance was not achieved. Concurrently, viral monitoring indicated a sharp decrease in the targeted strain alongside a marked rise in alternative enterovirus serotypes.
Public-health relevance
The data illustrate how coordinated immunization efforts and temporary behavioral modifications can substantially suppress regional transmission cycles. Shifting pathogen dominance following targeted immunization suggests current prophylactic approaches may require broader formulation to address emerging viral variants.
Important limitations
No explicit constraints were detailed within the provided text. Consequently, this assessment relies exclusively on the supplied abstract and metadata, necessitating access to the full manuscript for comprehensive evaluation.
GIDS interpretation
This publication offers historical epidemiological context regarding regional outbreak patterns and intervention efficacy. It serves as a reference point for understanding past transmission shifts rather than indicating active real-time monitoring trends.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 13 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.