Epidemiological features and temporal trends of the co-infection between HIV and tuberculosis, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Infectious Diseases of Poverty·
- DOI
- 10.1186/s40249-024-01230-3
- PMID
- 39152514
- PMCID
- PMC11328430
- OpenAlex
- W4401655356
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
HIV-TB co-infection represents a major global public health challenge. The findings suggest that improved diagnostic and treatment strategies, strengthened healthcare infrastructure, increased access to quality care, and enhanced public health education are needed to address this co-infection.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The study examined the global disease burden and temporal trends of HIV-tuberculosis co-infection from 1990 to 2021, including drug-susceptible, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant forms.
Study design
Ecological time-series analysis using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data. The study calculated incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years with age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage changes.
Population and setting
Global population from 1990 to 2021, with data organized by regions and countries.
Main findings
In 2021, global age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 were 11.59 for HIV-DS-TB, 0.55 for HIV-MDR-TB, and 0.02 for HIV-XDR-TB. From 1990 to 2021, incidence rates increased for HIV-MDR-TB (EAPC 4.71) and HIV-XDR-TB (EAPC 13.63). Mortality rates in 2021 were 2.22, 0.21, and 0.01 per 100,000 for DS-TB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB respectively, with rising trends for drug-resistant forms (EAPC 4.78 for MDR-TB, 10.00 for XDR-TB).
Public-health relevance
HIV-TB co-infection represents a major global public health challenge. The findings suggest that improved diagnostic and treatment strategies, strengthened healthcare infrastructure, increased access to quality care, and enhanced public health education are needed to address this co-infection.
Important limitations
This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata. Full assessment of study limitations, including data quality, ecological fallacy risks, and GBD modeling assumptions, requires access to the complete published paper.
GIDS interpretation
This article would be discoverable through disease classifiers for AIDS, tuberculosis, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as well as topic classifiers for antimicrobial resistance, diagnostics, health policy, and treatment. The global burden focus and drug-resistance trends provide context for understanding HIV-TB co-infection epidemiology.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 12 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.