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Peer reviewedOpen accessInfluenzaH5N1

Avian influenza overview June-September 2025.

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·

Alexakis L, Buczkowski H, Ducatez M, Fusaro A, Gonzales JL, Kuiken T, Mirinavičiūtė G, Ståhl K, Staubach C, Svartström O, Terregino C, Willgert K, Melo M, Kohnle L

DOI
10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9702
PMID
41158675
PMCID
PMC12558595
OpenAlex
W4415597619
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
Publisher unavailable
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The data indicate that routine community exposure poses minimal threat, though individuals with professional or environmental contact with infected fauna face a marginally higher probability of contracting the virus.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

This report investigates the contemporary distribution and transmission patterns of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses across diverse animal hosts and human populations during a specific summer and early autumn window.

Study design

The publication operates as a peer-reviewed observational surveillance compilation that aggregates virological detection data and case reports over a defined three-month timeframe.

Population and setting

The analysis encompasses wild and domestic avian species, various mammalian groups including livestock and wildlife, and human cohorts distributed across European, North American, and South Asian regions.

Main findings

Virological screening revealed extensive avian influenza circulation among European seabirds, whereas poultry facilities experienced minimal impact without subsequent transmission chains. Mammalian infections emerged in Norwegian foxes and American dairy herds alongside newly identified rodent species. Human illness remained infrequent despite broad animal reservoir activity, with nearly all documented cases tracing back to poultry contact and zero instances of interpersonal spread occurring.

Public-health relevance

The data indicate that routine community exposure poses minimal threat, though individuals with professional or environmental contact with infected fauna face a marginally higher probability of contracting the virus.

Important limitations

The summary is restricted to the supplied single-article abstract and metadata, requiring the original paper for decision-grade interpretation.

GIDS interpretation

This publication serves as a periodic epidemiological digest designed to catalog cross-species viral activity and regional outbreak trajectories. Its indexing under zoonotic transmission and food safety themes suggests relevance for academic tracking of interspecies viral adaptation and geographic spread patterns.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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