Avian influenza overview December 2024-March 2025.
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority·
- DOI
- 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9352
- PMID
- 40236376
- PMCID
- PMC11997622
- OpenAlex
- W4409443300
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Publisher unavailable
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
The abstract reports that human infections remained infrequent despite circulation in animal populations. It also describes low reported risk for the general public in the EU/EEA and low-to-moderate reported risk for people occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The article summarizes reported avian influenza virus detections in animals and humans in Europe and selected other countries during the specified reporting period, and describes reported transmission and infection risks.
Study design
A journal overview of reported animal detections, outbreaks, and human cases between December 2024 and March 2025. The supplied abstract does not describe a primary experimental or analytic study protocol.
Population and setting
The summary covers domestic and wild birds across 31 European countries, along with reported detections in domestic cats, wild carnivores, and dairy cattle in the USA. It also includes reported human cases from the USA, Cambodia, the United Kingdom, and China.
Main findings
The abstract reports 743 HPAI A(H5) detections in European domestic and wild birds, with A(H5N1) predominant and limited secondary spread among poultry outbreaks. It reports 22 new human cases across four countries, most HPAI A(H5) cases having prior poultry or dairy-cattle exposure, and no documented human-to-human transmission during the reporting period.
Public-health relevance
The abstract reports that human infections remained infrequent despite circulation in animal populations. It also describes low reported risk for the general public in the EU/EEA and low-to-moderate reported risk for people occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.
Important limitations
The supplied evidence does not state detailed study limitations or methods for case and detection ascertainment. This summary is therefore limited to the supplied single-article abstract and metadata; the original paper is required for decision-grade interpretation.
GIDS interpretation
The article is discoverable as an overview concerning H5N1, avian influenza, outbreaks, and transmission dynamics across multiple countries. Its reported period and scope provide article context only and do not establish or confirm a live surveillance signal.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.