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Peer reviewedOpen accessInfluenzaH5N1

Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Review of Recent Findings.

Viruses·

Badra R, Zhang W, Tam JSL, Webby R, van der Werf S, Nikisins S, Cullinane A, Gharaibeh S, Njouom R, Peiris M, Kayali G, Heraud JM

DOI
10.3390/v17060857
PMID
40573448
PMCID
PMC12197345
OpenAlex
W4411379836
Study type
Systematic review
Publisher
Publisher unavailable
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

Clarifying these transmission mechanisms supports improved pandemic preparedness and underscores the importance of coordinated, multi-sectoral health frameworks to mitigate future spillover threats.

01

Structured evidence summary

Research question

This systematic review synthesizes recent literature to identify how zoonotic influenza viruses move between animal populations and spill over into human communities, alongside the variables that facilitate these cross-species transfers.

Study design

The authors conducted a systematic review adhering to PRISMA standards, screening thousands of database records to select relevant publications spanning seven years.

Population and setting

The analysis encompasses studies involving wild and domestic animal reservoirs, as well as human populations affected by cross-species viral transfer, without restricting geographic boundaries.

Main findings

The synthesis highlights existing knowledge on host, environmental, and viral drivers of transmission while revealing substantial unexplored areas regarding interspecies movement, ecological influences, and regional zoonotic risks.

Public-health relevance

Clarifying these transmission mechanisms supports improved pandemic preparedness and underscores the importance of coordinated, multi-sectoral health frameworks to mitigate future spillover threats.

Important limitations

The authors acknowledge that the reviewed corpus contains notable gaps, specifically regarding viral circulation across varied animal hosts, the precise influence of ecological variables, and regional variations in cross-species risk.

GIDS interpretation

This work situates ongoing academic inquiry into viral ecology within established international research priorities, offering a consolidated reference point for scholars tracking cross-species pathogen movement.

02

Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

03

Evidence relationships

This article has 8 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

about diseaseaddresses topicaddresses topicaddresses topichas pathogen typestudied population settingstudies pathogenuses study design