Modern aspects of specific tuberculosis prevention (analytical literature review)
Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases·
- DOI
- 10.54921/2413-0346-2026-14-1-50-59
- PMID
- —
- PMCID
- —
- OpenAlex
- W7203578163
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- In-Trend
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
Optimizing tuberculosis control with incomplete vaccination coverage requires precision epidemiology and synchronization of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Unvaccinated groups present localized epidemiological risks within the broader population.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
This analytical literature review examines the effectiveness of BCG and BCG-M vaccination and revaccination compared to outcomes in unvaccinated individuals across different epidemiological settings.
Study design
Analytical literature review. Authors searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ELIBRARY, and institutional libraries, identifying 4,054 sources and selecting 79 publications for inclusion.
Population and setting
The review addresses populations with varying BCG vaccination coverage, including young children, adults, and cohorts of unvaccinated children due to parental refusals or medical exemptions.
Main findings
BCG vaccine demonstrates protective properties against generalized tuberculosis in young children but shows low effectiveness in adults. The vaccine does not protect against latent infection or provide lifelong immunity. The analysis identified inconsistencies and data gaps regarding BCG protective properties, and noted that unvaccinated cohorts create local areas of increased epidemiological risk.
Public-health relevance
Optimizing tuberculosis control with incomplete vaccination coverage requires precision epidemiology and synchronization of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Unvaccinated groups present localized epidemiological risks within the broader population.
Important limitations
The absence of established immune correlates of post-vaccination immunity complicates determining immunity duration and justifying revaccination needs. The review calls for further in-depth study of long-term vaccine efficacy in high-risk adults and development of additional preventive measures for unvaccinated individuals. This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata; the original paper is required for decision-grade interpretation.
GIDS interpretation
This literature review on BCG vaccination effectiveness may be discoverable through tuberculosis, vaccination, and diagnostics classifiers. It provides context on vaccine limitations and the challenge of unvaccinated cohorts, relevant for understanding tuberculosis prevention strategies.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.