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疾病概览

细菌性

先天性梅毒

Congenital syphilis

有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日

先天性梅毒由苍白密螺旋体引起,病原体可在妊娠期经胎盘或分娩时经母体病灶传播给胎儿 [1]。全球发病率呈快速上升趋势,2016 至 2023 年间每年报告病例达 70 万至 150 万例 [1]。尽管医疗干预手段成熟,部分地区仍报告病例持续增长,凸显围产期防控的紧迫性 [2]

阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
定义

该病系梅毒的先天表现形式,指病原体自感染母亲垂直传递至胎儿或新生儿所致的病理状态 [3]。目前缺乏独立的特异性诊断试验,临床评估需依赖母体感染史、新生儿体格检查及连续血清学监测结果 [3]。其发生与发展直接关联于孕期梅毒的检出时机与干预规范性 [1]

临床特征

患儿出生时的临床表现跨度极大,涵盖从隐匿性无症状感染直至死胎或新生儿死亡的多种结局 [1]。存活新生儿常表现为低出生体重、弥漫性皮疹、肝脾肿大、溶骨性骨骼病变及假性瘫痪等体征 [1]。部分受累婴儿还可能并发中枢神经系统感染,并面临长期发育障碍的风险 [1]

流行病学

全球范围内先天性梅毒负担沉重且呈攀升态势,近年年均报告病例维持在 70 万至 150 万区间 [1]。区域监测数据显示疫情分化明显,例如美国 2019 至 2023 年间先天性梅毒确诊数量激增 106%,同期女性梅毒感染诊断率亦大幅上升 [2]。即便在抗生素普及的背景下,特定年份仍记录到数千例新增报告,表明该疾病在部分流行病学背景下仍具活跃传播特征 [1]

传播/暴露

病原体主要通过胎盘屏障在宫内完成母婴垂直传播,亦可于分娩过程中通过直接接触母体活动性皮损实现水平扩散 [1]。成人阶段的性传播(含阴道、肛门及口腔接触)与血液暴露是维持社区感染基数的主要途径,进而构成孕期传染源 [4]。若孕妇感染未被早期识别或未接受针对性药物干预,胎儿遭受侵袭的概率及严重程度将显著增加 [3]

预防

公共卫生干预核心在于构建覆盖孕产全周期的筛查与阻断网络,强调常规产前梅毒检测与阳性病例的及时医疗处置 [1]。推广安全套规范使用可有效切断成人性传播链条,从而降低育龄人群的基础感染率 [4]。辅以性伴侣同步追踪管理、高危人群定期监测及安全性行为健康教育,可系统性压缩先天性梅毒的发生空间 [1]

参考文献
  1. 1Sankaran D et al. Congenital Syphilis-An Illustrative Review. Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 29. PMID: 37628309. doi: 10.3390/children10081310.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37628309/
  2. 2Chevalier FJ et al. Syphilis: A Review. JAMA. 2025 Dec 2. PMID: 41100079. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.17362.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41100079/
  3. 3World Health Organization. Syphilis -- Global [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/syphilis
  4. 4World Health Organization. Syphilis [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis
编码登记
ICD-10
A50
ICD-11
1A70.1
核心统计
累计病例
2K
峰值月份
2003-08
覆盖区间
32 个报告国家 · 1993-01-01 → 2026-09-01

数据覆盖

报告国家和地区

32 个国家/地区

月度变化趋势

研究雷达

近期相关研究

查看全部研究 →

文献链接仅用于发现研究,不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。

数据获取

本页面数据索引,含来源链接和更新信息。

行数1,760
更新2026-09-01
范围
分块8
来源32 序列 · 852 观测
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明45
Australia

Australia NINDSS

Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory

Australian Capital Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

New South Wales, Australia

Australia NINDSS — New South Wales

New South Wales, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Northern Territory, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory

Northern Territory, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Queensland, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Queensland

Queensland, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

South Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — South Australia

South Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Tasmania, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Tasmania

Tasmania, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Victoria, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Victoria

Victoria, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Western Australia, Australia

Australia NINDSS — Western Australia

Western Australia, Australia

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.

Bulgaria

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline

Bulgaria

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Canada

Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual

Canada

来源
ANNUAL网页

Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.

Ontario, Canada

Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly

Ontario, Canada

来源
每月Power BI 看板

Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.

Cyprus

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline

Cyprus

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Czechia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline

Czechia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Germany

Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0

Germany

来源
每周official_webforms_csv_export

RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.

Denmark

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline

Denmark

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Estonia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline

Estonia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Spain

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline

Spain

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Finland

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register

Finland

来源
每月cube_csv

Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.

France

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline

France

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

United Kingdom

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline

United Kingdom

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Greece

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline

Greece

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Croatia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline

Croatia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Hungary

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline

Hungary

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Ireland

Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub

Ireland

来源
每周official_arcgis_feature_service

Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.

Iceland

冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板

Iceland

来源
每年Power BI 看板

冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报;历史值可能追溯修订,并保持年度总量口径。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署性病监测看板

Iceland

来源
月度事实(按季度发布)Power BI 看板

实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实;官方看板按季度发布。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板

Iceland

来源
每周Power BI 看板

按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数;住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记

Iceland

来源
年度与月度官方 Excel

1997—2021 年官方历史登记表,年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。

Iceland

冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报

Iceland

来源
每月官方 Excel

Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数;与登记通报不可比并保持独立。

Italy

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline

Italy

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

South Korea

Korea KDCA EID

South Korea

来源
每月open_api_or_portal_download

Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.

Liechtenstein

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline

Liechtenstein

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Lithuania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline

Lithuania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Luxembourg

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline

Luxembourg

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Latvia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline

Latvia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Malta

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline

Malta

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Netherlands

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline

Netherlands

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Norway

Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank

Norway

来源
每月official_json_api

Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.

Poland

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline

Poland

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Portugal

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline

Portugal

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Romania

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline

Romania

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Sweden

Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet

Sweden

来源
每月official_html_csv

Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.

Slovenia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline

Slovenia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

Slovakia

ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline

Slovakia

来源
每年official_ecdc_rest_aggregate

Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.

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