贾第虫病是由原虫寄生虫蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫引起的寄生性肠道疾病，该病原体主要定植于小肠上段，属非侵袭性寄生虫[4][1][2]。
疾病概览
寄生虫贾第虫病
Giardiasis
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
贾第虫病（giardiasis）是由蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫（Giardia lamblia，又称G. duodenalis、G. intestinalis）引起的肠道寄生虫感染，全球范围内每年约影响2.8亿人，是水源性、食源性腹泻以及日托中心疫情和旅行者腹泻的重要原因之一[1][2]。多数感染为无症状携带，但也可表现为急性或慢性腹泻伴吸收不良，部分病例对一线药物治疗无效，相关耐药问题在世界范围内日益突出[3][1]。本节仅基于所提供证据进行概述，不涉及诊断或个体化治疗建议。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
感染谱从无症状到严重腹泻伴营养吸收不良不等；约50%~75%的感染儿童无症状，部分感染者可长期无明显症状[4][2]。有症状者常出现急、慢性腹泻，粪便呈脂肪泻样（steatorrhea），伴腹痛、体重减轻以及因脱水和吸收不良导致的乏力[2]。症状通常在暴露后约1~3周出现，未经治疗可持续2至6周或更久，部分病例可转为慢性，并可在感染后遗留肠易激综合征和食物过敏等表现[1][2]。
贾第虫病是全球范围内水源性、食源性腹泻、日托中心疫情和旅行者腹泻的重要病因[4]。该病在全球范围内仍是腹泻及肠道病变的重要原因，近年来5-硝基咪唑类治疗失败病例在全球范围内呈上升趋势，部分研究中耐药比例可达约50%[3]。
贾第虫主要经粪口途径传播，粪便中排出的包囊污染食物或饮用水后经口摄入而感染[4][2]。传播可发生于人与人之间、人与动物（主要为宠物）之间，也可通过受污染的饮用水或娱乐用水引起感染；包囊在冷水中可存活近三个月[4][2]。
通过个人卫生措施以及对食物进行充分烹饪和消毒有助于降低贾第虫病的传播风险[2]。针对旅行者腹泻等特定场景，益生菌Saccharomyces boulardii在成人预防中的证据已较充分，但针对贾第虫病本身的应用仍需更多支持性证据[5]。
- 1Leung AKC et al. Giardiasis: An Overview. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2019. PMID: 31210116. doi: 10.2174/1872213X13666190618124901.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31210116/
- 2Wikipedia contributors. Giardiasis - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 2 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiasis
- 3Einarsson E et al. An up-date on Giardia and giardiasis. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2016 Dec. PMID: 27501461. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.019.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27501461/
- 4Mørch K et al. Giardiasis treatment: an update with a focus on refractory disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2020 Oct. PMID: 32773501. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000668.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32773501/
- 5McFarland LV et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2010 May 14. PMID: 20458757. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i18.2202.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20458757/
数据覆盖
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各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
A Mathematical Model for the Transmission of Giardiasis Incorporating Resistance Strain and Second Line of Treatment
International Journal of Development Mathematics (IJDM)
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明36
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Bulgaria Annual Baseline
Bulgaria
Bulgaria annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses