淋球菌感染(淋病)是由淋病奈瑟菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)引起的性传播疾病,该菌对柱状上皮具有亲和性,主要感染泌尿生殖系统、直肠、咽部和结膜的黏膜[1][2]。
疾病概览
细菌性淋球菌感染
Gonococcal infection
淋球菌感染(淋病)是由淋病奈瑟菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)引起的性传播感染,主要累及泌尿生殖系统、直肠、咽部和结膜的柱状上皮黏膜[1]。根据世界卫生组织数据,2016年全球15-49岁人群中新增约8700万例淋病新病例,多个国家的新发病例数持续上升[1]。高危人群包括男男性行为者、移民、性工作者和少数族裔群体,该病的无症状特点给诊断和统计带来困难,可能导致小骨盆器官炎症性疾病和不孕症等严重后果[1]。抗菌素耐药性威胁着疾病的有效管理,目前尚无特异性疫苗可用[2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
大多数泌尿生殖道淋病在女性中可能无明显症状,但未检测到的宫颈感染可导致小骨盆器官炎症性疾病和不孕症等严重并发症[1]。直肠和咽部淋病常呈无症状或非典型表现,这增加了诊断难度并影响发病率的统计准确性[1]。N. gonorrhoeae可诱导强大的Th17途径炎症反应,导致中性粒细胞和炎症细胞因子大量涌入,同时逃避巨噬细胞的吞噬作用[2]。
根据世界卫生组织数据,2016年全球15-49岁人群中新增约8700万例淋病新病例[1]。许多国家的新增病例数持续稳步上升,男男性行为者、移民、性工作者和少数族裔群体对感染的传播做出了显著贡献[1]。无症状感染的高比例使得实际疾病负担可能被低估[1]。
淋球菌主要通过性接触传播,包括阴道性交、肛交和口交[1]。N. gonorrhoeae对柱状上皮具有特异性亲和力,使其能够有效感染泌尿生殖道、直肠和咽部黏膜[1][2]。
目前尚无针对淋病的特异性疫苗,虽然有几款候选疫苗抗原正在临床前评估中,但仅有一款已进入临床试验阶段[2]。研究表明,表达外膜囊泡的B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗接种者的淋病病例有所减少,但首个随机对照试验未显示统计学显著的保护效力[2]。抗菌素耐药性日益威胁着淋病的最佳管理方案[2]。
- 1Ufimtseva MA et al. [The contemporary world trends in epidemiology of gonococcal infection: The publications review]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2021 May. PMID: 34190475. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-3-451-455.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34190475/
- 2Ruiz García Y et al. Urgent Need to Understand and Prevent Gonococcal Infection: From the Laboratory to Real-World Context. J Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 16. PMID: 38819303. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae289.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38819303/
数据覆盖
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各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Selecting candidate Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea human challenge: a genomics-based analysis of clinical isolates
The Lancet Microbe
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本页面数据索引,含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明9
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.