淋病是由细菌引起的性传播感染，疾病分类信息明确将其归入 bacterial 类别，并标注为 sexually transmitted bacterial infection [1]。所给来源未进一步提供病原体学名、菌属特征或病原生物学机制，因此本简介仅能依据条目层面的疾病身份进行描述 [1]。在可用文献中，淋病常与其他性传播感染一起被纳入筛查、诊断和治疗综述 [4][5]。
疾病概览
细菌性淋病
Gonorrhea
有证据支持的资料英文 6/7 个适用章节 · 中文 6/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
淋病是一种性传播细菌感染，疾病条目将其归类为细菌性疾病，ICD-10 为 A54，ICD-11 为 1A72 [1][2][3]。现有来源主要提供其作为性传播感染的流行病学与临床背景，提示其在公共卫生监测中通常与其他性传播感染并列观察 [4][5]。就本数据包而言，关于具体病原学细节、自然病程与传播持续性等源支持信息尚不充分，需保守解读 [1][4]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料7
来源显示，淋病相关的生殖道外感染可表现为结膜炎；在感染性结膜炎中，性传播疾病所致者包括衣原体和淋病，且这类结膜炎需要系统性治疗并联合局部抗生素治疗 [6]。然而，关于淋病在不同解剖部位的典型症状谱、并发症分布、重症表现和临床过程，本次提供的证据并未给出完整细节 [6][4]。现有 STI 综述提示，部分淋病及其他生殖道外感染可无症状或症状很少，这对病例识别和监测具有重要意义 [4]。另有文献指出，未经治疗的性传播感染在女性可导致盆腔炎、不孕、慢性盆腔痛及妊娠并发症，但该表述是针对 STI 总体的概括，不能单独视为淋病专属结局 [5]。
可用资料提示，淋病在美国的报告率在 2015 至 2019 年间上升，且 2022 年美国报告的淋病、衣原体和梅毒病例总数超过 250 万例 [4][5]。高发人群包括 25 岁以下人群，以及性和性别少数群体，如与男性发生性行为的男性和跨性别女性；文献亦指出黑人和拉丁裔人群的 STI 发生率较高 [4]。来源还提到，生殖道外淋病和衣原体感染中有 53% 至 100% 可无症状或仅有少量症状，这意味着监测负担可能低估真实感染水平 [4]。对于全球分布、特定暴发生态或动物/环境储存宿主，当前证据未提供可直接支持的细节 [4][5]。
本次来源将淋病界定为性传播细菌感染，表明其主要与性接触相关的传播途径有关 [1]。此外，资料提示新指南开始强调在女性的肛门和咽部等生殖道外部位考虑筛查，间接说明这些部位也可能涉及感染与传播链条的监测 [5]。除性接触外，关于垂直传播、环境传播或其他机制，本数据包未提供足够的源支持信息 [5][1]。
来源支持的较高风险或较高发生率人群包括 25 岁以下人群、与男性发生性行为的男性、跨性别女性，以及黑人和拉丁裔人群 [4]。此外，孕期人群在性传播感染监测中具有特殊意义，因为指南更新明确提到妊娠期筛查的时间节点，但这并不等同于淋病专属风险信息 [5]。对于其他风险分层，如特定合并症、职业暴露或地理聚集风险，本数据包未提供足够证据 [4][5]。
现有来源强调，公共卫生应重视筛查和监测更新，尤其是在高社区流行地区及孕期筛查情境中 [5]。文献还提到，针对女性可考虑在肛门和咽部进行生殖道外筛查，这属于提高发现率与控制传播风险的可行监测措施 [5]。不过，关于疫苗、暴露后预防或其他特异性预防策略，本次提供的资料未给出支持性细节 [4][5]。
- 1Tuddenham S et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Jan 11. PMID: 35015033. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.23487.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35015033/
- 2Hufstetler K et al. Clinical Updates in Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2024. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2024 Jun. PMID: 38770770. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2024.0367.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38770770/
- 3Azari AA et al. Conjunctivitis: a systematic review of diagnosis and treatment. JAMA. 2013 Oct 23. PMID: 24150468. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.280318.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24150468/
- 4Gonorrhea. Atlas of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. 2010. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4060-3.00002-8.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7020-4060-3.00002-8
- 5Gonorrhea. Adult-Gerontology Practice Guidelines. 2019. doi: 10.1891/9780826195197.0098.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826195197.0098
- 6Gonorrhea. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 1989. doi: 10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30613-9.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30613-9
- A54
- 1A72
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Declining Gonorrhea Case Rates in the United States, 2021-2023: A Spatial Analysis.
Annals of epidemiology
Impact of antenatal screening for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea on pregnancy outcomes in South African women
BMC Infectious Diseases
Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae : Review of the Literature
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Comparing Strategies to Introduce Two New Antibiotics for Gonorrhea: A Modeling Study
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Selecting candidate Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea human challenge: a genomics-based analysis of clinical isolates
The Lancet Microbe
显示 8 篇相关论文中的 5 篇。
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明105
Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases
Austria
AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Bulgaria
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Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Beijing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Beijing, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hainan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hainan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Heilongjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Heilongjiang, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Inner Mongolia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Qinghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Qinghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
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Shandong, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
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Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
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Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tianjin, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tianjin, China
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Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
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Tibet, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
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Yunnan, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
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Zhejiang, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
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Finland
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France
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冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
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冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
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Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
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Italy
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Liechtenstein
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Lithuania
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Luxembourg
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ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
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ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
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Netherlands
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Norway
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Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
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ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Taiwan, China
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United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
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United States
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