H7N9属于甲型流感病毒的一个亚型，主要在家禽和野鸟中流行[1]。它属于可从禽类动物源向哺乳动物溢出的人兽共患流感病毒谱系[4]。其家禽致病性分为低致病性与高致病性，但该分类依据鸡群严重程度，不能直接预测人类病例严重程度[1]。
疾病概览
人感染H7N9禽流感
H7N9
有证据支持的资料英文 6/7 个适用章节 · 中文 6/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
H7N9是甲型流感病毒亚型，主要引起禽类流感，并可在接触感染禽类的人群中造成人感染[1]。该病毒自2013年起在中国报告人类感染[1]，并与H5/H7亚型共同造成全球人类病例和死亡负担[2]。因其可跨物种传播并导致散发人感染，H7N9被视为具有大流行关注度的流感病毒之一[3]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料7
人类感染H7N9后的症状可轻可重，可包括发热、腹泻和咳嗽，并可出现重症或死亡[1]。低致病性H7N9在家禽中可表现为轻微症状或无症状[1]。高致病性H7N9在家禽中可造成严重呼吸困难、产蛋量下降和突然死亡，但这些禽类表现不能直接等同于人类病情[1]。
H5和H7亚型禽流感病毒已造成全球2634例人类病例和1000余例死亡[2]。这些病毒已在野生鸟类和家禽中引发大量疫情，并造成自2005年以来至少4.22亿只家禽损失[2]。H7N9作为2013年出现并在中国广泛流行的H7亚型病毒，其人类感染具有散发性，并被视为具有大流行关注度的禽流感病毒之一[2][3]。中国采用扑杀与免疫相结合的策略，并接近清除了2013年出现的广泛流行H7N9病毒[2]。
H7N9可在家禽群和野鸟之间快速传播[1]。病毒可经感染禽类的唾液、黏液和粪便排出[1]。人类感染通常可追溯到与感染禽类或受污染材料的密切接触[1]。野生水鸟可能持续携带病毒，并可在迁徙中将其长距离移动[1]。
人类感染H7N9通常见于接触感染禽类或受污染材料的人群[1]。在哺乳动物中，包括人类，A/H7N9感染较少见，病例多可追溯到与感染家禽或受污染材料的密切接触[1]。
针对H7N9禽流感的防控策略主要依托于病毒致病性分级与疫苗应急储备机制。基于该病毒对家禽养殖业的经济冲击，防控体系将其划分为高致病性与低致病性类别，判定依据主要为人工感染后鸡群的致死率阈值及血凝素蛋白结构特征，以此作为实施强化管控措施的基准[1]。在免疫预防层面，病毒持续的抗原漂移与变异增加了常规疫苗研发的难度，重大疫情爆发时往往需针对新发毒株快速调整疫苗组分[1]。目前相关人用疫苗已完成小规模临床测试，并确立了在疫情触发条件下向制药企业紧急调配候选疫苗病毒的标准化流程[1]。
- 1Wikipedia contributors. Influenza A virus subtype H7N9 - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H7N9
- 2Cargnin Faccin F et al. Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31. PMID: 38807261. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2347019.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38807261/
- 3Webster RG et al. Continuing challenges in influenza. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 Sep. PMID: 24891213. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12462.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24891213/
- 4Shi J et al. Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023 Dec. PMID: 36458831. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155072.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36458831/
- J09
- 1E30.0
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Responding to avian influenza in poultry farms in Victoria, Australia.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Based on the MaxEnt model the analysis of influencing factors and simulation of potential risk areas of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) in China.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Risk assessment of the newly emerged H7N9 avian influenza viruses
Emerging Microbes & Infections
Limited human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, Shanghai, China, March to April 2013
Eurosurveillance
Human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus.
The New England journal of medicine
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明26
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。