手足口病(HFMD)是一组肠道病毒引起的常见感染性疾病[1]。
疾病概览
手足口病
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
手足口病是一种由一组肠道病毒引起的常见感染,多见于10岁以下尤其是5岁以下儿童,但成人也可发病并症状不一[1]。该病在全球范围内均有发生,常在春、夏、秋季出现暴发,与气候湿热及卫生条件密切相关[1]。多数病例为轻症且具有自限性,极少数患者可出现病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎等严重并发症[1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
该病通常以发热和全身不适起病,随后一两天内在手、足、口腔,偶尔累及臀部与腹股沟出现扁平色斑或丘疹,并可发展为水疱[1]。从暴露于病毒到症状出现的潜伏期通常为3至6天,皮疹一般在一周左右自行消退,多数患者在7至10天内自愈,一般不需要特异性治疗[1]。少数患者可能无明显症状但仍可传播病毒;极罕见情况下可并发病毒性脑膜炎或脑炎[1]。
手足口病在全球各地均有发生,多见于10岁以下儿童,5岁以下更为常见,成人亦可感染但症状表现不一[1]。该病具有明显的季节性,常在春、夏、秋季出现暴发,湿热气候被认为有利于其传播[1]。在地理分布上,农村地区的报告多于城市地区,但需同时考虑社会经济状况和卫生水平的影响[1]。
手足口病具有高度传染性,主要通过密切接触、咳嗽产生的飞沫以及感染者的粪便传播,污染物品也可作为传播媒介[1]。具体而言,病毒可经鼻咽分泌物(唾液、鼻涕)、痰液、皮疹水疱液及粪便排出,因此托幼机构因如厕训练和更换尿布等环节而成为最常见的传播场所[1]。感染者即使在症状消失后仍可能在数日到数周内具有传染性[1]。
目前尚无针对手足口病的特异性抗病毒药物或疫苗,但相关研发正在进行中[1]。由于传播途径多样,保持良好的个人和环境卫生是关键,尤其在托幼机构等密切接触场所[1]。
- 1Wikipedia contributors. Hand, foot, and mouth disease - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 2 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand%2C_foot%2C_and_mouth_disease
- B08.4
- KA05.40
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China CDC Weekly
China
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National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
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PubMed
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Anhui, China
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Beijing, China
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Beijing, China
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Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Chongqing, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Fujian, China
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Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Guangxi, China
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Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Guizhou, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
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Hainan, China
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Hainan, China
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Heilongjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Heilongjiang, China
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Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
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Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
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Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Inner Mongolia, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Qinghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Qinghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tianjin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tianjin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tibet, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
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日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。