乙型肝炎属于病毒性肝炎的重要亚型，系由特定嗜肝病毒导致的肝脏炎症反应[4][5]。病原体为部分双链DNA病毒，其组织损伤并非源于直接细胞毒性，而是取决于病毒复制与宿主免疫应答的动态博弈[2]。临床表型涵盖急性自限性过程与长期迁延不愈的慢性状态[1]。血清学指标如HBsAg与抗-HBc等是界定感染阶段的关键依据[5]。
疾病概览
乙型肝炎
Hepatitis B
有证据支持的资料英文 7/7 个适用章节 · 中文 7/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
乙型肝炎是由乙型肝炎病毒引起的肝脏感染，病程可表现为急性或慢性[1][2]。该疾病构成全球重大公共卫生挑战，约三分之一人口存在现症或既往感染的血清学证据[2]。慢性感染显著增加肝硬化与肝细胞癌的发病风险，部分人群面临较高的远期死亡威胁[1][2]。疫苗接种是控制疫情扩散的核心策略[3]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料8
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染可表现为急性（病程短而严重）或慢性（长期）两种临床过程。慢性感染患者面临较高的肝硬化和肝癌死亡风险，实验室检测对于确诊以及区分急慢性感染和评估肝脏疾病严重程度至关重要，因为仅凭临床表现无法将乙型肝炎与其他病毒性肝炎区分开来 [1]。EASL 临床实践指南强调，慢性 HBV 仍是全球性健康挑战，全球超过 2.5 亿人受影响，大量死亡归因于肝硬化和肝细胞癌，早期诊断、基于病毒和宿主因素的风险分层以及个体化抗病毒治疗是管理关键 [6]。
全球约三分之一的人口曾暴露于该病毒或处于现症感染状态[2]。广泛推行婴幼儿普遍免疫已促使流行率急剧下降，有力支撑了区域防控成效[2]。该疾病仍是导致严重肝病及相关死亡的主要传染病因之一[2]。
病毒主要借由接触受污染血液及其他体液（如精液、阴道分泌物）实现人际传播[1][2]。围产期母婴垂直传递及家庭内部密切接触构成重要的传播途径[4]。此外，不规范医疗操作、共用受染器械以及无保护性行为均被确认为高风险水平传播方式[5]。
围产期感染者步入成年后并发终末期肝病与原发性肝癌的累积风险显著攀升，男性群体的远期预后尤为脆弱[2]。乙肝表面抗原阳性且重叠感染人类免疫缺陷病毒、丙型肝炎病毒或丁型肝炎病毒的个体被列为重点监护对象[3]。居住于高流行区且未能及时获取新生儿免疫覆盖的儿童同样处于高度暴露境地[1]。特殊生理或免疫修饰人群亦需遵循专业共识开展个体化危险度评估[6]。
接种安全高效的疫苗是阻断感染的首要手段，新生儿出生后立即启动免疫程序并提供适时加强针，可获得近乎完全的防护效力[1][2]。协同落实母婴阻断、强化医疗安全规范及开展公众健康教育，是构建多层次防御体系的关键环节[3]。扩大检测与治疗可及性有助于降低整体疾病负担并遏制进一步扩散[5]。
针对慢性携带者及共感染人群，需建立常态化的恶性肿瘤监测网络，尤其关注合并其他嗜肝病毒或免疫缺陷状态下的病情演变[3]。现行临床指南倡导将定期影像学及生化筛查整合入标准随访流程，以实现疾病进展的早期预警[6]。规范的监测机制对于落实消除病毒性肝炎的全球战略具有关键支撑作用[6]。
- 1World Health Organization. Hepatitis B [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
- 2Trépo C et al. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. 2014 Dec 6. PMID: 24954675. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24954675/
- 3European Association for the Study of the Liver et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2025 Aug. PMID: 40348683. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.018.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40348683/
- 4Ghany MG et al. AASLD ISDA Practice Guideline on treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2026 Apr 1. PMID: 41186418. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000001549.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41186418/
- 5World Health Organization. Hepatitis [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/hepatitis
- 6World Health Organization. Hepatitis [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/hepatitis
- 7Odenwald MA et al. Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future. World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Apr 14. PMID: 35582678. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i14.1405.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35582678/
- 8Ali FS et al. AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals. Gastroenterology. 2025 Feb. PMID: 39863345. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.008.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39863345/
- B16-B18
- 1E50.1-1E51.0
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Hepatitis B and C Prevention, Screening, and Diagnostic Services at HIV Treatment Sites: International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Functionally cured chronic hepatitis B: A cure‐related occult HBV infection state
mLife
Seroprevalence, associated factors, and molecular detection of hepatitis B virus co-infection among HIV-positive adults in Okene, Nigeria
Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals
Acute hepatitis B in the vaccination era: Predictors of functional cure and chronicity
World Journal of Hepatology
Hepatitis B in Organ Transplantation-Current Evidence and Clinical Gaps.
Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society
显示 47 篇相关论文中的 5 篇。
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明85
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Beijing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Beijing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hainan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hainan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Heilongjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Heilongjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Inner Mongolia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Qinghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Qinghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tianjin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tianjin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tibet, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.