新生儿破伤风是破伤风梭菌（Clostridium tetani）芽孢污染新生儿脐带残端、在缺乏母体抗毒素被动保护的情况下，芽孢萌发并释放强效外毒素——破伤风痉挛毒素（tetanospasmin），该毒素阻断脊髓和脑干运动神经元的抑制性调控，导致肌肉强直与痉挛的临床综合征。[1][2]
疾病概览
细菌性新生儿破伤风
Neonatal Tetanus
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
新生儿破伤风是破伤风梭菌（Clostridium tetani）芽孢污染脐带残端所致的严重疾病，常见于发展中国家，与不洁分娩、社会习俗及孕产妇破伤风免疫不足密切相关。尽管高收入国家该病已罕见，但在南亚、东南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲等地区仍为重要的疫苗可防致病与死因。[1][2]
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
新生儿破伤风是破伤风的四种主要临床类型之一，以肌肉强直和阵发性痉挛为核心表现，由破伤风毒素作用于运动神经元所致。潜伏期和发病期较短者往往提示病情更重、预后更差。可出现呼吸衰竭、自主神经功能紊乱等并发症。[1][2][3]
破伤风每年全球发病约5万至100万例。新生儿破伤风在发展中国家尤为常见，与不洁分娩操作、社会禁忌及孕产妇免疫接种不足密切相关。据估计，过去四十年间新生儿破伤风估计死亡数下降约88%。[1][3]
新生儿破伤风的传播途径是脐带残端在分娩时或出生后被破伤风梭菌芽孢污染。当母亲血液循环中缺乏足够的抗毒素时，新生儿无法通过胎盘获得充分的被动免疫保护，从而在芽孢定植后发生感染。[1][2]
预防策略包括：对育龄期妇女通过常规免疫及补充免疫活动接种含破伤风类毒素疫苗、推广清洁分娩和合理脐带护理，以及加强新生儿破伤风监测。在尚未实现消除的地区，需要提高熟练接生人员覆盖率、将破伤风疫苗接种与其他免疫或妇幼健康活动相结合，并确保按时提供加强剂次。[4][5][2][3]
- 1Poudel P et al. Tetanus. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2009 Jul-Sep. PMID: 20071883.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20071883/
- 2Bhatia R et al. Tetanus. Neurol India. 2002 Dec. PMID: 12577086.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577086/
- 3Dhir SK et al. Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination: Where are We Now? Res Rep Trop Med. 2021. PMID: 34849046. doi: 10.2147/RRTM.S201989.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34849046/
- 4Sudarshan R et al. Tetanus: recognition and management. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Nov. PMID: 40543524. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00292-0.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40543524/
- 5Ridpath AD et al. Progress towards achieving and maintaining maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination in the African region. Pan Afr Med J. 2017. PMID: 29296159. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2017.27.3.11783.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29296159/
- A33
- 1C13
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Neonatal tetanus in undocumented migrant families in Saudi Arabia: outcomes and critical care resource utilization in a 10-year tertiary PICU cohort
Frontiers in Pediatrics
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明42
Brazil DATASUS SINAN
Brazil
Brazil Ministry of Health DATASUS/SINAN public DBC microdata aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.