裂谷热（RVF）是由白蛉病毒属病毒引起的一种病毒性人兽共患病，主要影响动物但也具有感染人类的能力 [1][2]。该病毒于1931年在肯尼亚裂谷地区的一次绵羊疫情调查中首次被鉴定 [1][2]。感染可导致动物和人类发生严重疾病，动物感染会造成重大经济损失，表现为幼畜高死亡率及妊娠母畜大规模流产 [1][2]。
疾病概览
裂谷热
Rift Valley fever
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
裂谷热是一种由白蛉病毒属病毒引起的动物源性蚊媒病毒性疾病，主要影响动物，但也能感染人类并造成严重疾病，给畜牧业带来重大经济损失。该病自1931年在肯尼亚裂谷地区首次被发现以来，已在撒哈拉以南非洲多次暴发，并于2000年扩散至沙特阿拉伯和也门，显示出跨洲传播的潜力 [1][2]。人类感染多数通过接触感染动物的血液或器官引起，临床表现从轻微流感样症状到致死性出血热不等 [2][3]。动物群体中的疫情通常先于人间病例，因此通过预防性动物免疫和媒介控制进行公共卫生干预至关重要 [1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
人类裂谷热的潜伏期为2至6天，临床表现范围广泛 [2]。轻度病例可表现为突然发作的流感样发热、肌肉疼痛、关节疼痛和头痛，部分患者可能出现颈部僵硬、畏光、食欲减退和呕吐，早期易与脑膜炎混淆 [2]。该病可发展为九种临床综合征，包括全身发热、肾、胃肠、肝、出血、视觉、神经、心肺和产科综合征 [3]。最常见的临床表现包括发热（81%）、肾衰竭（41%）、恶心（38%）、黄疸（26%）、出血性疾病（26%）、部分失明（24%）和脑炎（21%），总体病死率约为21% [3]。
裂谷热自1931年在肯尼亚裂谷地区首次被发现以来，已在撒哈拉以南非洲多次报告疫情 [1][2]。1977年，埃及发生了一次通过尼罗河灌溉系统沿感染牲畜贸易传播的暴发性疫情 [1]。1997-1998年，厄尔尼诺事件和广泛洪水之后，在肯尼亚、索马里和坦桑尼亚发生了重大疫情 [1]。2000年9月，该病通过非洲之角感染牲畜的贸易传播至沙特阿拉伯和也门，标志着该病首次在非洲大陆以外地区出现，引发了对病毒可能进一步扩散至亚洲和欧洲其他地区的担忧 [1][2]。
裂谷热病毒主要通过蚊媒传播，多种蚊种能够充当病毒传播媒介，不同地区的主要媒介种类各异 [1]。在动物中，病毒主要通过受感染蚊子（主要是伊蚊属）的叮咬传播，雌蚊还可通过卵将病毒直接传给后代，导致新孵化的蚊子世代即已感染 [1]。虽然部分人类感染由受感染蚊子叮咬引起，但大多数人类感染源于接触感染动物的血液或器官；此外，人类还可能因摄入未经巴氏消毒或未煮熟的感染动物奶而感染 [2]。截至目前，尚无文献记载的人类间传播 [2]。
通过持续的预防性动物免疫接种计划可以预防动物裂谷热疫情，可使用减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗，但必须在疫情暴发之前实施；若疫情已经发生则不应进行动物免疫接种，因为多剂量瓶和针头重复使用有加剧疫情的风险 [1]。限制或禁止牲畜流动可有效减缓病毒从感染地区向未感染地区的扩散 [1]。人类可使用已开发的灭活疫苗，但该疫苗尚未获得许可，也未商业化供应，仅在实验条件下用于保护高暴露风险的兽医和实验室人员 [1]。由于动物疫情通常先于人间病例出现，因此建立有效的动物监测和预警系统对于预防人间疫情至关重要 [1]。
- 1World Health Organization. Rift Valley fever [Internet]. cited 4 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rift-valley-fever
- 2World Health Organization. Rift Valley fever [Internet]. cited 4 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/rift-valley-fever
- 3Anywaine Z et al. Clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Mar. PMID: 35333856. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010233.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35333856/
- 4Weaver SC et al. Zika, Chikungunya, and Other Emerging Vector-Borne Viral Diseases. Annu Rev Med. 2018 Jan 29. PMID: 28846489. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28846489/
- A92.4
- 1D47
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Rift Valley Fever at Europe’s Risk Frontier: Climate, Vectors, and One Health Preparedness
Veterinary Sciences
From Hepatitis to Encephalitis: Neuroinvasion and Antiviral Development in Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection
Pathogens
Cross-border introduction risk of Rift Valley fever virus: surveillance evidence from intercepted livestock in southwestern Saudi Arabia
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Opportunities and challenges for countermeasures against Rift Valley fever virus: A quintessential One Health pathogen
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Spatiotemporal patterns of Rift Valley fever virus in Africa: a retrospective genomic epidemiology and phylodynamic modelling study
The Lancet Microbe
显示 16 篇相关论文中的 5 篇。
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明30
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline
France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline
Netherlands
Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.