严重急性呼吸综合征是一种由特定冠状病毒属病原体导致的病毒性呼吸系统感染，也是人类历史上首个被证实可引发急性流行病的同类病毒[1][2]。该致病微生物于二〇〇三年二月末经国际流行病学调查网络正式鉴定，并因其显著的传染性与临床危害性被列为重大公共卫生威胁[1]。
疾病概览
传染性非典型肺炎
SARS
有证据支持的资料英文 6/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
严重急性呼吸综合征是由SARS冠状病毒引发的病毒性呼吸道传染病，于2002年11月在中国广东省首次检出，随后扩散至全球二十八个国家与地区[1][2]。作为二十一世纪首例具备高度人际传播能力的新发呼吸道疾病，其潜伏期通常为两至十天，整体病例病死率介于百分之九点六至十点九之间[1][2]。该疫情最终依靠严格的公共卫生干预得以平息，但相关疫苗储备仍被视为应对潜在重现风险的重要资源[3][2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料7
SARS是一种病毒性呼吸系统疾病，患者通常出现流感样症状，包括发热、肌肉疼痛、嗜睡、咳嗽、咽痛以及其他非特异性表现[3]。该病常进展为气短和肺炎，肺炎可为病毒直接引起的肺炎或继发性细菌性肺炎[3]。SARS的平均潜伏期为四至六天，极少数可短至一天或长至十四天[3]。
初始暴发集中于中国广东省，因早期信息通报滞后导致防控窗口延误，进而促成跨国界蔓延[3][1]。系统评估数据显示其基本再生数处于一点一至四点五九区间，且呈现显著的超级传播特征，即绝大多数感染事件可由少数高传染性个体驱动[2]。
病毒主要借由空气中小颗粒呼吸道飞沫实现人际直接传播，国际航空客运网络曾加速其地理扩散[1]。间接接触污染表面同样构成传播途径，病毒可在物体表面存活并被易感者触摸后引入体内[1]。医疗场所必须落实严格的飞沫与接触防护规范，以防医务人员发生院内交叉感染[3]。
仅有英文来源内容
本章节暂无经来源支持的信息。
社区层面的疫情控制高度依赖早期病例筛查、严格临床隔离以及针对密切接触者的追踪与检疫措施[3]。医疗机构通过全面配备个人防护装备可有效切断飞沫与接触传播链[3]。尽管研发新型疫苗曾被列为全球优先事项，但因非药物干预手段成功遏制了疫情，现有库存制剂仅作为未来应急储备使用[3]。
- 1World Health Organization. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome
- 2Morgenstern C et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) mathematical models and disease parameters: a systematic review. Lancet Microbe. 2025 Sep. PMID: 40713974. doi: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101144.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40713974/
- 3Wikipedia contributors. SARS - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS
- U04
- 1D65
数据覆盖
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研究雷达
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明36
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
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冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
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Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
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Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.