来源材料将斑疹伤寒置于立克次体相关感染谱中；相关综述指出，立克次体为小型、专性细胞内、革兰阴性杆菌，可经多种吸血节肢动物媒介传播并在全球致病[5]。另有资料将“地方性斑疹伤寒（鼠型斑疹伤寒）”作为学术条目收录，提示本页主题包含地方性斑疹伤寒这一命名层面，但所给片段未提供更细致的病原学与分类说明[1][2][3]。现有证据还表明，斑疹伤寒在历史上属于重要的感染性疾病之一[6]。
疾病概览
细菌性流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒
Typhus
有证据支持的资料英文 7/7 个适用章节 · 中文 7/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒是一组由立克次体相关病原体引起的细菌性疾病，来源材料同时涉及斑疹伤寒与地方性斑疹伤寒/鼠型斑疹伤寒的学术条目，但未提供可进一步区分两者的完整页内证据[1][2][3]。现有片段显示，这类疾病可见于全球不同地区，并被视为重要的公共卫生问题；其中与恙虫病相关的文献特别强调其在亚太地区的负担与再感染可能，但该来源并不等同于本病全部谱系[4]。由于所给片段对分类边界、细菌学分型和地方流行学细节的覆盖有限，以下概述仅保留可由证据直接支持的信息[4][5]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料8
可用证据显示，立克次体病通常表现为急性、非特异性发热性疾病，常伴头痛、肌痛和不适感[5]。皮肤表现可包括皮疹和焦痂，但其出现频率随致病种类而异[5]。与斑疹伤寒相关的另一来源指出，某些相关感染可进展为严重多器官衰竭，若未给予适当治疗，病死率可高达70%，但该具体数据来自恙虫病综述，不能直接外推为本页全部“流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒”的统一结局[4]。来源片段未提供该病的典型病程分期、并发症谱的更多细节[4][5]。
流行性和地方性斑疹伤寒的全球疾病分布呈现显著的区域差异，其中恙虫病每年导致约一百万人感染，威胁亚太及全球近十亿人口[4]。鼠型斑疹伤寒广泛分布于热带与亚热带地区，而流行性斑疹伤寒现已罕见，仅零星见于非洲部分国家、中南美洲及美国密西西比河以东区域[7]。历史上与现代的聚集性疫情均高度关联于饥荒、战乱、居住拥挤及环境卫生匮乏等特定社会环境[7]。由于该病常被归类为被忽视疾病，现有流行病学数据多呈碎片化，相关地区的公共卫生监测网络与信息覆盖仍存在显著空白[4]。
来源材料支持的传播线索是经由多种吸血节肢动物媒介传播； 这一区域适用于立克次体病的一般传播生态[5]。
现有证据仅能支持：在与吸血节肢动物媒介接触机会更高的环境中，暴露风险会增加； 而在历史上负担较重的人群中，斑疹伤寒曾造成显著死亡，但这并不能替代现代风险分层[6][5]。
可用资料强调，感染性疾病的有效控制依赖监测、预防和公共卫生干预； 这一原则在历史与现代传染病应对中均被反复强调[6]。
在监测语境中，本病应被理解为一类在全球可见、但资料碎片化且常与其他立克次体病交叠的感染性疾病群[5]。来源明确指出，相关疾病的流行病学资料和公共卫生信息存在明显缺口，尤其在地方性流行区更为零散，因此病例报告、实验室确认和区域性趋势解读都应保持保守[4]。由于当前证据对命名边界与具体传播生态的描述有限，监测时宜结合病原学确认与当地媒介/暴露背景综合判断，而不宜仅凭“斑疹伤寒”这一统称作过度推断[4][5]。 GlobalID 来源数据说明： 该概念必须结合原始语言判断：德语“Typhus”或“Typhus abdominalis”指伤寒，应归入伤寒页；德语“Fleckfieber”和挪威语“Flekktyfus”才指立克次体性斑疹伤寒。通用英文标签必须结合国家和原文解读。
- 1Xu G et al. A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Nov. PMID: 29099844. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006062.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29099844/
- 2Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus). Red Book (2018). 2018. doi: 10.1542/9781610021470-part03-endemic.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610021470-part03-endemic
- 3Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus). Red Book (2012). 2012. doi: 10.1542/9781581107357-part03-endemic.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781581107357-part03-endemic
- 4Endemic Typhus (Murine Typhus). Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 3rd Ed. 2016. doi: 10.1542/9781610020619-ch149.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/9781610020619-ch149
- 5Mercer A et al. Protection against severe infectious disease in the past. Pathog Glob Health. 2021 May. PMID: 33573529. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2021.1878443.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33573529/
- 6Blanton LS et al. The Rickettsioses: A Practical Update. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Mar. PMID: 30712763. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.010.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30712763/
- 7Wikipedia contributors. Typhus - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus
- A75
- 1C30
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Seroprevalence of scrub typhus among reported acute febrile illness
Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research
Azithromycin with or without cefixime for suspected or culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (ACT-South Asia): a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Spatiotemporal epidemiology and clinical manifestations of two decades of scrub typhus in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ Global Health
Diversification of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes by intragenic recombination and their potential expansion in endemic areas
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明65
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Beijing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Beijing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hebei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hainan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hainan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Heilongjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Heilongjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Inner Mongolia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shaanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tianjin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tianjin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Tibet, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Yunnan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Yunnan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.