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Peer reviewedOpen accessTyphoid fever

Effectiveness of the TYPHIBEV® (Vi-CRM197 conjugate) vaccine introduction in Nepal: A test-negative, case-control study

Journal of Infection·

Dipesh Tamrakar, Sabin Bikram Shahi, Esther Jung, Shiva Ram Naga, Basudha Shrestha, Pratibha Bista Roka, Rabin Pokharel, Ram Hari Chapagain, Akhil Tamrakhar, Manoj Mahato, Surendra Kumar Madhup, Rajeev Shrestha, Kate Doyle, Isaac I. Bogoch, Stephen P. Luby, Denise O. Garrett, Wirongrong Cheirakul, Jason R. Andrews

DOI
10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106719
PMID
41806875
PMCID
OpenAlex
W7134173653
Study type
Case-control study
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The documented high protection rate suggests utility for national immunization programs aiming to reduce severe bacterial enteric disease in endemic regions.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

The study investigates whether the TYPHIBEV® conjugate vaccine reduces the risk of laboratory-confirmed typhoid fever in pediatric populations following its national deployment.

Study design

Researchers utilized a test-negative, matched case-control methodology comparing children with positive blood cultures for Salmonella Typhi against those with negative results.

Population and setting

The analysis focused on vaccine-eligible children seeking care at designated health facilities throughout Nepal between October 2022 and December 2024.

Main findings

Overall vaccine effectiveness reached eighty-nine percent against confirmed infections. The protective effect appeared diminished in certain pediatric age brackets, although precise subgroup metrics were truncated in the provided text.

Public-health relevance

The documented high protection rate suggests utility for national immunization programs aiming to reduce severe bacterial enteric disease in endemic regions.

Important limitations

The investigation relies exclusively on blood culture confirmation, which may miss non-bacteremic presentations. Additionally, the abstract truncates key details regarding reduced efficacy in specific age groups.

GIDS interpretation

This record supplies peer-reviewed epidemiological context concerning a specific typhoid immunization strategy in South Asia, serving as historical reference material rather than an indicator of current transmission dynamics.

02

Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

03

Evidence relationships

This article has 13 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

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