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Peer reviewedOpen accessGastroenteritis

Modelling norovirus transmission and vaccination

Vaccine·

K.A.M. Gaythorpe, C.L. Trotter, A.J.K. Conlan

DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.053
PMID
30076105
PMCID
OpenAlex
W2886493390
Study type
Mathematical modelling
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

Norovirus causes approximately one-fifth of acute gastroenteritis cases globally each year. With vaccines in clinical trials, model-based predictions can inform immunisation policy design and help optimize allocation across age groups depending on whether infection prevention or severe outcome prevention is prioritized.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

The study models norovirus transmission dynamics at the population level and evaluates the potential impact of various vaccination strategies.

Study design

Dynamic age-specific mathematical model of norovirus transmission and vaccination, incorporating a self-reporting Markov model to adjust for age- and time-varying statutory reporting. Model parameters estimated using sequential Monte Carlo particle filter and applied to German age-stratified notification data.

Population and setting

Population-level analysis using age-stratified case notification data from Germany.

Main findings

Routine immunisation could reduce norovirus incidence by up to 70.5% even with incomplete protection. Strategies targeting infants and toddlers are more efficient at preventing infection, while targeting older adults is preferable for preventing severe outcomes. Optimal strategy depends on the outcome prioritized and is sensitive to assumptions about vaccine mode of action.

Public-health relevance

Norovirus causes approximately one-fifth of acute gastroenteritis cases globally each year. With vaccines in clinical trials, model-based predictions can inform immunisation policy design and help optimize allocation across age groups depending on whether infection prevention or severe outcome prevention is prioritized.

Important limitations

The abstract notes that further work is required to determine vaccine efficacy, mode of action, and cost-effectiveness. This summary relies on abstract and metadata only; the original paper is required for decision-grade interpretation of model assumptions, parameter uncertainty, and scenario robustness.

GIDS interpretation

This article was identified through classifier links for gastroenteritis, vaccination topics, and Germany. It provides modeling evidence on potential vaccination impact but does not report primary surveillance data or outbreak investigation findings.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 12 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

about diseaseaddresses topicaddresses topicaddresses topicevaluates interventionhas pathogen typestudied instudied population settingstudies populationstudies populationstudies populationuses study design