Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality by COVID-19 and on mortality by other causes, the Netherlands, January 2021–January 2022
Vaccine·
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.005
- PMID
- 37328352
- PMCID
- PMC10247887
- OpenAlex
- W4379882370
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Publication version
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Open linked preprint →Why this research matters now
The findings demonstrate substantial population-level reduction in COVID-19 mortality through vaccination with no observed increase in non-COVID-19 mortality, providing evidence for the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The study estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 mortality and explored whether COVID-19 vaccination was associated with increased risk of non-COVID-19 mortality in the weeks following vaccination.
Study design
Cox regression analysis with calendar time as the underlying time scale, using linked national registries of deaths, vaccinations, specialized health care, and long-term care reimbursements in the Netherlands from January 2021 to January 2022. Adjustments were made for birth year, sex, medical risk group, and country of origin.
Population and setting
The Netherlands population receiving COVID-19 vaccination between January 2021 and January 2022, analyzed across age groups including elderly persons receiving long-term care and individuals aged 90+ years.
Main findings
Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 mortality exceeded 90% across all age groups two months after primary series completion. Effectiveness gradually declined to approximately 80% at 7-8 months for most groups and around 60% for elderly in high-level long-term care and those aged 90+. Following a first booster dose, effectiveness increased to over 85% in all groups. Non-COVID-19 mortality risk was lower or similar in the 5 or 8 weeks following each vaccination dose compared to the previous vaccination state across all age and long-term care groups.
Public-health relevance
The findings demonstrate substantial population-level reduction in COVID-19 mortality through vaccination with no observed increase in non-COVID-19 mortality, providing evidence for the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Important limitations
This summary relies on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata. Complete assessment of study limitations, including potential confounding factors, data linkage quality, misclassification of cause of death, and generalizability beyond the Netherlands setting, requires access to the full published article.
GIDS interpretation
This article appears in GIDS through classifier links to COVID-19, SARS, Netherlands, outbreak investigation, vaccination, and vaccine effectiveness topics. These links facilitate retrieval of vaccination effectiveness research and COVID-19 mortality studies within the GIDS literature repository.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 11 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.