Clinical features and outcomes of pediatric breakthrough invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in vaccinated children in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2003–2024
Vaccine·
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128977
- PMID
- 42561781
- PMCID
- —
- OpenAlex
- —
- Study type
- Journal article
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Article type
- journal-article
- Integrity
- current
Why this research matters now
The article is relevant to pediatric pneumococcal vaccine programs because it describes vaccine-type invasive disease occurring despite vaccination and identifies serotypes highlighted in the abstract as prominent among breakthrough cases.
Structured evidence summary
Research question
The article examines pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the Calgary area who had received at least two pneumococcal conjugate vaccine doses, with attention to breakthrough vaccine-type disease versus non-vaccine-type disease from 2003 to 2024.
Study design
The abstract describes a prospective population-based surveillance study using the Calgary Area Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research program, with comparative analyses of vaccinated children with invasive pneumococcal disease.
Population and setting
The population was 227 vaccinated children younger than 18 years in the Calgary area of Alberta, Canada, identified with invasive pneumococcal disease between 2003 and 2024.
Main findings
Among vaccinated children with invasive pneumococcal disease, 44 were classified as breakthrough vaccine-type cases and 183 as non-vaccine-type cases. Breakthrough cases were associated with pneumonia or empyema and with occurrence in 2018-2024; comorbidities were not associated in the reported multivariable analysis. Serotypes 3 and 19F made up most breakthrough infections, and breakthrough disease represented more than one quarter of cases in the late PCV13 period.
Public-health relevance
The article is relevant to pediatric pneumococcal vaccine programs because it describes vaccine-type invasive disease occurring despite vaccination and identifies serotypes highlighted in the abstract as prominent among breakthrough cases.
Important limitations
The abstract reports a subset immunologic evaluation, indicating that not all breakthrough cases necessarily had that assessment described. This summary is limited to the supplied single-article abstract and metadata; the full paper would be needed for decision-grade interpretation of methods, ascertainment, and subgroup analyses.
GIDS interpretation
This record is discoverable in a GIDS-style evidence context through its disease focus on invasive pneumococcal disease, its Canada setting, and its peer-reviewed journal metadata. It should be treated as single-article literature context rather than as confirmation of any live surveillance signal.
Related GIDS surveillance
Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.
Evidence relationships
This article has 5 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.