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Peer reviewedOpen accessWest Nile virusMalaria

The challenge of West Nile virus in Europe: knowledge gaps and research priorities

Eurosurveillance·

A Rizzoli, M A Jiménez-Clavero, L Barzon, P Cordioli, J Figuerola, P Koraka, B Martina, A Moreno, N Nowotny, N Pardigon, N Sanders, S Ulbert, A Tenorio

DOI
10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.20.21135
PMID
26027485
PMCID
OpenAlex
W2111213827
Study type
Journal article
Publisher
European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)
Article type
journal-article
Integrity
current

Why this research matters now

The review identifies geographic classification of endemic and infection-free areas as relevant to development of human vaccines and therapeutics and to blood and organ safety measures. It supports prioritising integrated, multidisciplinary research on West Nile virus in European and neighbouring settings.

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Structured evidence summary

Research question

The review examines the state of knowledge about West Nile virus in Europe and identifies priority gaps concerning its circulation, ecology, genetic diversity, pathogenicity, transmission, diagnosis, and control.

Study design

This is a peer-reviewed narrative review based on an analysis of 118 scientific papers published from 2004 through 2014. It was prepared as a joint initiative involving European experts.

Population and setting

The review concerns West Nile virus in Europe and neighbouring countries, including settings described as endemic, infection-free, or affected by introduction and spillover.

Main findings

The review describes ongoing geographic spread, increased spillover events, and introduction of the virus into new European areas. It also reports substantial genetic diversity and identifies unresolved research needs across virus ecology, transmission, disease mechanisms, diagnosis, and control.

Public-health relevance

The review identifies geographic classification of endemic and infection-free areas as relevant to development of human vaccines and therapeutics and to blood and organ safety measures. It supports prioritising integrated, multidisciplinary research on West Nile virus in European and neighbouring settings.

Important limitations

The supplied material describes a review based on papers published between 2004 and 2014, so its evidence base is bounded by that literature and period. This summary relies only on the supplied single-article abstract and metadata; the original paper is required for decision-grade interpretation of methods, study selection, and detailed evidence.

GIDS interpretation

This article is discoverable under West Nile virus, surveillance, outbreak investigation, climate and environment, and One Health classifications. It provides historical research context and identifies evidence gaps, but it does not establish or validate a current surveillance signal.

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Related GIDS surveillance

Literature context does not validate, explain, or change a surveillance signal. Exact and contextual relationships are shown separately.

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Evidence relationships

This article has 9 auditable classifier relationships to diseases, places, topics, and study design.

about diseaseabout diseaseaddresses topicaddresses topicaddresses topicaddresses topichas pathogen typestudied population settinguses study design