急性乙型肝炎是乙型肝炎病毒感染肝脏的短暂而严重的阶段，可发展为慢性感染 [3][1]。乙型肝炎病毒是一种部分双链DNA病毒，血清学标志物包括HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe以及抗-HBc IgM和IgG [4]。
疾病概览
急性乙型肝炎
Acute hepatitis B
有证据支持的资料英文 7/7 个适用章节 · 中文 7/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
急性乙型肝炎是一种急性乙型肝炎病毒感染，通常具有自限性，但可发展为慢性感染 [1]。感染年龄越小，发展为慢性病的风险越高 [1]。乙型肝炎预防项目强调疫苗接种和筛查，包括对孕妇进行普遍筛查，以减少传播 [2][1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料8
急性乙型肝炎是一种急性病毒性肝炎，可能具有自限性，但可发展为慢性感染 [1]。感染年龄越小，发展为慢性病的可能性越大 [1]。常规疫苗接种和对孕妇的普遍筛查已减少乙型肝炎病毒传播 [1]。
乙型肝炎病毒存在于体液和分泌物中；在发达国家，病毒最常通过性传播或静脉注射毒品的方式传播。职业暴露和围产期传播也可发生，但在美国较为少见[5]。急性乙型肝炎通常为自限性，但可进展为慢性感染[1]。
乙型肝炎预防指南针对母婴传播和水平传播，将暴露婴儿以及通过水平传播暴露者确定为相关人群 [6]。更广泛的HBV管理指南还考虑特殊人群，并基于病毒和宿主因素进行风险分层 [2]。
安全有效的乙型肝炎疫苗可提供接近100%的保护 [3]。常规疫苗接种和对孕妇的普遍筛查已减少乙型肝炎病毒传播 [1]。婴儿普遍疫苗接种也使患病率大幅下降 [4]。当前HBV指南强调疫苗接种和筛查，以支持全球消除目标 [2]，预防建议则针对母婴传播和水平传播 [6]。
乙型肝炎监测框架包括监测与预防相关的传播途径，特别是母婴传播和水平传播 [6]。它们还涉及对乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性者的肝癌监测，包括合并感染丙型肝炎、丁型肝炎或HIV者，以及抗原清除者 [6]。
- 1Thuener J et al. Hepatitis A and B Infections. Prim Care. 2017 Dec. PMID: 29132524. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.005.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29132524/
- 2European Association for the Study of the Liver et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2025 Aug. PMID: 40348683. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.018.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40348683/
- 3World Health Organization. Hepatitis B [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
- 4Trépo C et al. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. 2014 Dec 6. PMID: 24954675. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60220-8.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24954675/
- 5Lin KW et al. Hepatitis B. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jan 1. PMID: 14727820.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14727820/
- 6Ghany MG et al. AASLD ISDA Practice Guideline on treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2026 Apr 1. PMID: 41186418. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000001549.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41186418/
- B16
- 1E50.1
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Acute hepatitis B in the vaccination era: Predictors of functional cure and chronicity
World Journal of Hepatology
Global burden and forecast of acute viral hepatitis B among women of childbearing age: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.
BMC infectious diseases
Sex-specific burdens of acute hepatitis B and C and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021.
Tropical medicine and health
Association between fatty liver and risk of liver failure in patients with acute hepatitis B: a retrospective cohort study.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
[Trends and Epidemiological Characteristics of Acute Hepatitis B among Foreign Nationals in the Republic of Korea, 2014-2024].
Jugan geon-gang gwa jilbyeong
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文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明16
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses