丁型肝炎是由丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）引起的肝脏炎症性疾病，该病毒是一种缺陷病毒，必须依赖乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）提供包膜蛋白才能完成复制和组装[1][2]。HDV感染只能在合并HBV感染的基础上发生，无论是HBV-HDV同时感染（co-infection）还是在HBV慢性携带者基础上发生HDV重叠感染（superinfection）[1][2]。
疾病概览
丁型肝炎
Hepatitis D
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
丁型肝炎是由丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）引起的肝脏炎症，其复制依赖于乙型肝炎病毒（HBV），因此HDV感染无法在缺乏HBV的情况下发生[1]。HDV与HBV合并感染被认为是慢性病毒性肝炎中最严重的类型，进展为肝细胞癌和肝脏相关死亡的速度更快[1]。HDV近期被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）专着项目列为对人类具有致癌性（I类）[1]。接种乙型肝炎疫苗可有效预防HDV感染[1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
丁型肝炎的临床表现谱从急性肝炎到慢性肝炎不等。急性HBV-HDV同时感染后约95%的患者可清除两种病毒，而HBV感染者发生HDV重叠感染后超过90%进展为慢性HDV-HBV感染[2]。慢性丁型肝炎相比单独HBV感染病情进展更为迅速，约30%至70%的患者在确诊时已存在肝硬化，超过50%的患者在确诊后10年内死于肝脏疾病[2]。需要指出的是，近期研究显示疾病进展存在个体差异，部分患者可呈惰性病程[2]。
根据2020年发表在《Journal of Hepatology》上与WHO合作开展的估计，丁型肝炎病毒影响全球约5%的慢性HBV感染者，HDV合并感染可能解释了HBV感染者中约五分之一的肝病和肝癌病例[1]。基于282项研究、95个国家数据的系统综述与荟萃分析显示，全球HBsAg阳性人群中抗-HDV流行率约为4.5%，普通人群抗-HDV阳性率约为0.16%，估计全球共有约1200万人曾感染HDV[3]。抗-HDV流行率在蒙古、摩尔多瓦共和国以及西部和中部非洲国家最高，在血液透析者、男男性行为者、商业性工作者以及合并HCV或HIV感染者中也较高[3]。另一文献估计全球受HDV感染影响人数在1200万至7200万之间[2]。
HDV为血源传播病毒，其传播途径与HBV相同，可通过接触感染者的血液或其他体液传播[1]。HDV也可经性接触传播，偶尔经母婴垂直传播（在分娩前或分娩期间），在流行地区还可在家庭内部成员间传播[1]。HBV慢性携带者面临感染HDV的风险；未通过自然感染或疫苗接种获得HBV免疫力者，可因感染HBV而面临HDV感染风险[1]。
接种乙型肝炎疫苗可预防丁型肝炎病毒（HDV）感染，因为HDV必须依赖乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）才能复制，且在没有HBV感染时无法发生HDV感染。因此，对尚未通过自然感染或乙型肝炎疫苗获得HBV免疫的人群进行接种，是预防HDV感染的关键措施。[1]
- 1World Health Organization. Hepatitis D [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d
- 2Negro F et al. Hepatitis D: A Review. JAMA. 2023 Dec 26. PMID: 37943548. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.23242.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37943548/
- 3Stockdale AJ et al. The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2020 Sep. PMID: 32335166. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.008.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32335166/
- B17.0
- 1E50.3
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明34
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Xinjiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Xinjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Zhejiang, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.